Table Info

Table 2.

Bone targeting moieties

Bone targeting agents	NPs	Outcomes	Reference
Tetracycline	PLGA (SIM-loaded TC-PLGA)	SIM-loaded TC-PLGA NPs exhibit enhanced bone targeting efficiency as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo OVX rats	[98]
Bisphosphonate	Lipid bilayer NPs (HA-coated zoledronic acid functionalized LNPs)	HZL in the LNP exhibited a strong affinity towards HA, further enhancing its efficacy in the treatment of OP	[99]
Pyrophosphates	Liposomes NPs (PPi functionalized biomineral binding liposomes NPs loaded icariin)	PPis act as targeting moieties that anchor to HA surface and mediate the sustained release of icariin that is responsible for the enhancement of osteoblast activity and inhibits the osteoclast function, as well as induces cancellous bone mineralization	[94]
Aspartate (Asp₈) (Oligopeptides)	PLGA NPs	Poly-Asp-PLGA NPs have strong binding affinity to HA, which is validated through bone resorption surfaces to target osteoclasts	[95]

NPs: nanoparticles; TC: tetracycline; SIM: simvastatin; HZL: hydroxyapatite-coated zoledronic acid functionalized lipid bilayer NPs; OP: osteoporosis

Declarations

Acknowledgment

LB is thankful to University Grants Commission-Senior research fellowship (UGC-SRF) for her fellowship. KN acknowledges Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Senior research fellowship (CSIR-SRF) for her fellowship.

Author contributions

LB, KN and AKV conceived and wrote the manuscript. AKV edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript writing, revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The work on siRNA was supported by the project grant “Small molecule functionalized biopolymeric nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA for targeted delivery to osteoblasts for managing bone disorders” (BT/PR 21645/NNT/28/1224/2017) from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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