Baseline demographic characteristics of study participants based on inflammatory status
Variable
All n = 360 (%)
Inflammatory status
P value
No (QB)NLR (≤ 3.53)n = 259 (71.9%)
Yes (QA)NLR (> 3.53)n = 101 (28.1%)
Age groups (years)
Adult (< 60)
224 (62.2)
164 (63.3)
60 (59.4)
0.491
Elderly (≥ 60)
136 (37.8)
95 (36.7)
41 (40.6)
Gender
Male
210 (58.3)
147 (56.8)
63 (62.4)
0.331
Female
150 (41.7)
112 (43.2)
38 (37.6)
BMI
Underweight
33 (9.2)
21 (8.1)
12 (11.9)
0.715
Normal
156 (43.3)
114 (44.0)
42 (41.6)
Overweight
143 (39.7)
103 (39.8)
40 (39.6)
Obese
28 (7.8)
21 (8.1)
7 (6.9)
Socio-economic status
Lower
159 (44.2)
112 (43.2)
47 (46.5)
0.495
Middle
198 (55.0)
144 (55.6)
54 (53.5)
Higher
3 (0.8)
3 (1.2)
0 (0)
Residence
Rural
188 (52.2)
136 (52.5)
52 (51.5)
0.861
Urban
172 (47.8)
123 (47.5)
49 (45.5)
Smoking
Yes
65 (18.1)
46 (17.8)
19 (18.8)
0.576
No
295 (81.9)
213 (82.2)
82 (81.2)
Alcohol
Yes
152 (42.2)
107 (41.3)
45 (44.6)
0.476
No
208 (57.8)
152 (58.7)
56 (55.4)
Diabetic status
Yes
165 (45.8)
113 (43.6)
52 (51.5)
0.179
No
195 (54.2)
146 (56.4)
49 (48.5)
CKD stages
CKD stage 2
27 (7.5)
22 (8.5)
5 (5.0)
0.249
CKD stage 3a
34 (9.4)
28 (10.8)
6 (5.9)
CKD stage 3b
112 (31.1)
81 (31.3)
31 (30.7)
CKD stage 4
187 (51.9)
128 (49.4)
59 (58.4)
Nutritional status
Normal
139 (38.6)
111 (42.9)
28 (27.7)
0.008
Malnourished (severe/moderate)
221 (61.4)
148 (57.2)
73 (72.3)
Hyperuricemia
No
130 (36.1)
93 (35.9)
37 (36.6)
0.897
Yes
230 (63.9)
166 (64.1)
64 (63.4)
Hyperphosphatemia
No
223 (61.9)
168 (64.9)
55 (54.5)
0.050
Yes
137 (38.1)
91 (35.1)
46 (45.5)
Data presented as number and percentage. Percentages within the sub-groups are calculated on the basis of inflammatory status. P value < 0.05 taken as significant. eGFR in all patients were estimated by the CKD-EPI formula
The authors extend their gratitude towards all the participants and those who carried out the extensive clinical and laboratory work at the clinical site.
Author contributions
IR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft. PT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing—original draft. SDC and SJ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study is approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee GMCH & NIPER and Research Committee GMCH and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
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