Descriptive data of the entire respondents: sociodemographic and clinical variables and PNCs
Variables
PNCs
Total (column %)
P-value
No (row %)
Yes (row %)
Total respondents
527 (60.0)
351 (40.0)
878 (100)
Tested positive for COVID
< 0.001*
Yes
143 (32.6)
296 (67.4)
439 (50.0%)
No
384 (87.5)
55 (12.5)
439 (50.0%)
Biological sex
0.401
Female
272 (51.6)
171 (48.7)
443 (50.5)
Male
255 (48.4)
180 (51.3)
435 (49.5)
Age group (year)
0.063
18–30
195 (62.1)
119 (37.9)
314 (35.8)
31–40
146 (53.9)
125 (46.1)
271 (30.9)
41–50
91 (59.1)
63 (40.9)
154 (17.5)
51–60
57 (67.9)
27 (32.1)
84 (9.6)
> 60
38 (69.1)
17 (30.9)
55 (6.3)
Marital status
0.111
Single
95 (66.0)
49 (34.0)
144 (16.4)
Married
432 (58.9)
302 (41.2)
734 (83.6)
Educational status
< 0.001*
≤ High school
140 (52.8)
125 (47.2)
265 (30.2)
College education
134 (61.5)
84 (38.5)
218 (24.8)
Graduation
193 (64.5)
106 (35.5.0)
299 (34.1)
≥ Post-graduation
60 (62.5.)
36 (37.5)
96 (10.9)
Employment status
< 0.001*
Jobholder
180 (83.8)
116 (39.2)
296 (33.7)
Businessman
68 (51.1)
65 (48.9)
133 (15.1)
Unemployed
42 (59.2)
29 (40.8)
71 (8.1)
Student
46 (92.0)
4 (8.0)
50 (5.7)
Home maker
122 (70.1)
99 (44.8)
221 (25.2)
Healthcare personnel
69 (64.5)
38 (35.5)
107 (12.2)
Monthly household income (BDT)
< 0.001*
< 15,000
58 (45.0)
71 (55.0)
129 (14.7)
15,000–30,000
70 (48.6)
74 (51.4)
144 (16.4)
31,000–45,000
155 (66.8)
77 (33.2)
232 (26.4)
> 45,000
244 (65.4)
129 (34.6)
373 (42.5)
Family category
0.076
Nuclear family
339 (57.9)
246 (42.1)
585 (66.6)
Joint family
188 (64.2)
105 (35.8)
293 (33.4)
Current residence
0.007*
Rural
115 (63.9)
65 (36.1)
180 (20.5)
Urban
303 (56.1)
237 (43.9)
540 (61.5)
Semi-urban
109 (69.0)
49 (31.0)
158 (18.0)
Hypertension
0.003*
No
419 (62.8)
248 (37.2)
667 (76.0)
Yes
108 (51.2)
103 (48.8)
211 (24.0)
Diabetes
0.450
No
408 (60.7)
264 (39.3)
672 (76.5)
Yes
119 (57.8)
87 (42.2)
206 (23.5)
Kidney disease
0.499
No
470 (59.6)
318 (40.4)
788 (89.7)
Yes
57 (63.3)
33 (36.7)
90 (10.3)
Asthma
0.167
No
448 (61.0)
286 (39.0)
734 (83.6)
Yes
79 (54.9)
65 (45.1)
144 (16.4)
Exercise habit
0.071
No
433 (61.5)
271 (38.5)
704 (80.2)
Yes
94 (54.0)
80 (46.0)
174 (19.8)
Current tobacco user
0.001*
No
345 (64.2)
192 (35.8)
537 (61.2)
Yes
182 (53.4)
159 (46.6)
341 (38.8)
*P-values signify 5% significance levels
Declarations
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the participants for providing the information used to conduct the study.
Author contributions
MA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. ASB and TM: Validation, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
Not applicable.
Ethical approval
The ‘Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Uttara Adhunik Medical College’ cleared the ethical issue for this study (Approval number: UAMC/ERC/Recommend- 11/2021).
Consent to participate
Formal written informed consent was obtained from all the participants before data collection to collect, analyze, and publish their data.
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