Descriptive data of cases: sociodemographic and clinical factors related to COVID-19 and PNCs
Variables
PNCs
Total (column %)
P-value
No (row %)
Yes (row %)
Total respondents
143 (32.6)
296 (67.4)
439 (100)
Biological sex
0.896
Female
71 (32.9)
145 (67.1)
216 (49.2)
Male
72 (32.3)
151 (67.7)
223 (50.8)
Age group (year)
0.135
18–30
48 (31.4)
105 (68.6)
153 (34.9)
31–40
40 (28.0)
103 (72.0)
143 (32.6)
41–50
25 (32.1)
53 (67.9)
78 (17.8)
51–60
18 (45.0)
22 (55.0)
40 (9.1)
> 60
12 (48.0)
13 (52.0)
25 (5.7)
Marital status
0.091
Single
27 (42.9)
36 (57.1)
63 (14.4)
Married
116 (12.2)
260 (87.8)
376 (85.6)
Educational status
0.608
≤ High school
37 (28.2)
94 (71.8)
131 (29.8)
College education
37 (34.3)
71 (65.7)
108 (24.6)
Graduation
50 (33.6)
99 (66.4)
149 (33.9)
≥ Post-graduation
19 (37.3)
32 (62.7)
51 (11.6)
Employment status
< 0.001*
Jobholder
51 (33.8)
100 (66.2)
151 (34.4)
Businessman
17 (27.0)
46 (73.0)
63 (14.4)
Unemployed
12 (32.4)
25 (67.6)
37 (8.4)
Student
14 (82.4)
3 (17.6)
17 (3.9)
Home maker
31 (26.5)
86 (73.5)
117 (26.7)
Healthcare personnel
18 (33.3)
36 (66.7)
54 (12.3)
Monthly household income (BDT)
< 0.001*
< 15,000
5 (8.9)
51 (91.1)
56 (12.8)
15,000–30,000
15 (20.3)
59 (79.7)
74 (16.9)
31,000–45,000
42 (37.8)
69 (62.2)
111 (25.3)
> 45,000
81 (40.9)
117 (59.1)
198 (45.1)
Family category
0.269
Nuclear family
92 (30.9)
206 (69.1)
298 (67.9)
Joint family
51 (36.2)
90 (63.8)
141 (32.1)
Current residence
< 0. 001*
Rural
20 (33.3)
40 (66.7)
60 (13.7)
Urban
82 (27.2)
219 (72.8)
301 (68.6)
Semi-urban
41 (52.6)
37 (47.4)
78 (17.8)
Hypertension
0.350
No
108 (33.9)
211 (66.1)
319 (72.7)
Yes
35 (29.2)
85 (70.8)
120 (27.3)
Diabetes
0.175
No
99 (30.7)
223 (69.3)
322 (73.3)
Yes
44 (37.6)
73 (62.4)
117 (26.7)
Kidney disease
< 0.001*
No
108 (28.7)
268 (71.3)
376 (85.6)
Yes
35 (55.6)
28 (44.4)
63 (14.4)
Asthma
0.010*
No
98 (29.3)
236 (70.7)
334 (76.1)
Yes
45 (42.9)
60 (57.1)
105 (23.9)
Exercise habit
0.786
No
107 (32.2)
225 (67.8)
332 (75.6)
Yes
36 (33.6)
71 (66.4)
107 (24.4)
Current tobacco user
0.865
No
78 (32.2)
164 (67.8)
242 (55.1)
Yes
65 (33.0)
132 (67.0)
197 (44.9)
Recovering period after acute-COVID-19
< 0.001*
< 30 days
8 (66.7)
4 (33.3)
12 (2.7)
30–60 days
16 (42.1)
22 (57.9)
38 (8.7)
61–90 days
13 (11.8)
97 (88.2)
110 (25.1)
91–120 days
15 (36.4)
26 (63.6)
41 (9.3)
121–150 days
12 (36.4)
21 (63.6)
33 (7.5)
151–180 days
15 (34.1)
29 (65.9)
44 (10.0)
180 + days
64 (39.8)
97 (60.2)
161 (36.7)
COVID-19 symptoms
0.033*
Mild
79 (36.1)
140 (63.9)
219 (49.9)
Moderate
23 (21.1)
86 (78.9)
109 (24.8)
Severe
17 (37.0)
29 (63.0)
46 (10.5)
Very severe
24 (36.9)
41 (63.1)
65 (14.8)
Treatment facilities used
0.182
Home
86 (30.1)
200 (69.9)
286 (65.1)
Hospital general ward
22 (32.8)
45 (67.2)
67 (15.3)
Hospital intensive care
35 (40.7)
51 (59.3)
86 (19.6)
Dose of vaccine before COVID-19
0.010*
No vaccine
53 (36.8)
91 (63.2)
143 (32.6)
1 Dose
40 (41.2)
57 (58.8)
97 (22.1)
2 Doses
44 (23.9)
140 (76.1)
184 (41.9)
3 Doses
6 (42.9)
8 (57.1)
14 (3.2)
*P-values signify 5% significance levels
Declarations
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the participants for providing the information used to conduct the study.
Author contributions
MA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. ASB and TM: Validation, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
Not applicable.
Ethical approval
The ‘Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Uttara Adhunik Medical College’ cleared the ethical issue for this study (Approval number: UAMC/ERC/Recommend- 11/2021).
Consent to participate
Formal written informed consent was obtained from all the participants before data collection to collect, analyze, and publish their data.
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