Socio-demographic and clinical data in participants that were divided into two groups with high versus low alcohol days x alcohol units index (≥ 10.4 versus < 10.4)
Variables
Alcohol index
F/χ2df
P value
Low (< 10.4, n = 71)
High (≥ 10.4, n = 35)
Age (years)a
29.8 (6.9)
29.2 (6.6)
0.1511/104
0.699
Gender (female/male)
16/55
2/33
4.711
0.030*
Marital status (single/married/divorced)
35/26/10
20/11/4
0.592
0.74
Income (baht)a
16,338 (21,487)
10,500 (5,579)
2.491/104
0.118
Average alcohol drinks per daya
1.3 (4.5)
17.9 (9.9)
143.211/104
< 0.001***
Alcohol day x unitsa
1.2 (2.5)
128.7 (122.4)
77.701/104
< 0.001***
SDS total scorea
5.3 (3.0)
4.6 (3.1)
1.171/104
0.282
Age at onset of MA (years)a
18.8 (4.7)
17.9 (3.5)
0.891/104
0.347
Days of MA use in last montha
17.5 (10.2)
14.8 (10.1)
1.591/104
0.210
Days of MA use per month, heaviest usea
24.1 (8.3)
19.4 (11.0)
5.971/104
0.016*
Dysthymia (no/yes)
62/9
30/5
0.051
1.000
Anxiety disorder (no/yes)
66/5
28/7
3.921
0.058
MA-induced psychotic (no/yes)
41/30
21/14
0.051
0.825
Antisocial personality (no/yes)
62/9
28/7
0.981
0.322
Opioid use (no/yes)
69/2
33/2
0.541
0.597
Cannabis use (no/yes)
69/4
29/6
3.631
0.078
Nicotine use (no/yes)
21/50
13/22
0.621
0.433
Mitragyna speciosa use (no/yes)
65/6
31/4
0.241
0.727
Alcohol dependence (no/yes)
49/22
12/23
11.571
0.001**
a Data are shown as mean [standard deviation (SD)]. F: results of ANOVA; χ2: results of analyses of contingence tables; df: degree of freedom. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We thank participants and staff from Princess Mother National Institute on Drug Abuse Treatment (PMNIDAT) for facilitating data collection.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Institutional Review Board (Med Chula IRB), number 155/60 and the Ethical Review Committee for Research in Human Subjects, and the Research Committee, PMNIDAT, and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Funding
RK was supported for research career by the Centre for Addiction Studies (CADS), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and the NIH/NIDA subaward [R01 DA037974], Yale University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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