True ectopic intrathoracic kidney with closed diaphragm
Group 2
Ectopic kidney due to diaphragmatic eventration
Group 3
Ectopic kidney due to diaphragmatic hernia (either congenital or acquired)
Group 4
Ectopic kidney due to traumatic rupture of the diaphragm
Declarations
Author contributions
HES: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. ZA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Visualization. MA: Validation, Writing—review & editing. AH: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was waved for this report per Royal Medical Services institutional review boards (IRBs) as per their protocol for case reports. The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and maintained patient confidentiality.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.
Availability of data and materials
All generated and analyzed data for this study are included in the manuscript.
Gue RS, Winkler L. Bochdalek hernia. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Brown SR, Horton JD, Trivette E, Hofmann LJ, Johnson JM. Bochdalek hernia in the adult: demographics, presentation, and surgical management.Hernia. 2011;15:23–30. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mullins ME, Stein J, Saini SS, Mueller PR. Prevalence of incidental Bochdalek’s hernia in a large adult population.AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:363–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lau NS, Crawford M, Sandroussi C. Surgical management of symptomatic right-sided Bochdalek hernias in adults: when is a minimally invasive approach appropriate?ANZ J Surg. 2020;90:1075–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Salayta W, Alaydi J. Adult Bochdalek hernia referred as a case of gastric outlet obstruction: a case report.Rawal Med J. 2010;35:255–7.
Sabah SA, Haddad EA, Vaz JD. Repair of a giant diaphragmatic hernia using the dual approach.J Surg Case Rep. 2019;2019:rjz064. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ercan M, Aziret M, Karaman K, Bostancı B, Akoğlu M. Dual mesh repair for a large diaphragmatic hernia defect: an unusual case report.Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;28:266–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Inaba K, Snider J, Holliday RL. Re-expansion pulmonary edema after repair of a missed diaphragmatic hernia.Can J Surg. 2001;44:295–7. [PubMed] [PMC]
DeAlwis K, Mitsunaga EM. Sudden death due to nontraumatic diaphragmatic hernia in an adult.Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2009;30:366–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Wilbur AC, Gorodetsky A, Hibbeln JF. Imaging findings of adult Bochdalek hernias.Clin Imaging. 1994;18:224–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Navaratnarajah A, Barry V, Charif R. Bochdalek hernias associated with intrathoracic kidney: a case report and systematic review of outcomes including renal function.Clin Nephrol Case Stud. 2020;8:1–11. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kohli N, Mitreski G, Yap CH, Leong M. Massive symptomatic right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult man.BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2016217432. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Pfister-Goedeke L, Brunier E. Intrathoracic kidney in childhood with special reference to secondary renal transport in Bochdalek’s hernia.Helv Paediatr Acta. 1979;34:345–57. Germany. [PubMed]
Donat SM, Donat PE. Intrathoracic kidney: a case report with a review of the world literature.J Urol. 1988;140:131–3. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sarac M, Bakal U, Tartar T, Canpolat S, Kara A, Kazez A. Bochdalek hernia and intrathoracic ectopic kidney: presentation of two case reports and review of the literature.Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21:681–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Murphy JJ, Altit G, Zerhouni S. The intrathoracic kidney: should we fix it?J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:970–3. [DOI] [PubMed]
Enomoto N, Yamada K, Kato D, Yagi S, Wake H, Nohara K, et al. Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult with hepatic malformation and intestinal malrotation.Surg Case Rep. 2021;7:169. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zenda T, Kaizaki C, Mori Y, Miyamoto S, Horichi Y, Nakashima A. Adult right-sided Bochdalek hernia facilitated by coexistent hepatic hypoplasia.Abdom Imaging. 2000;25:394–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rout S, Foo FJ, Hayden JD, Guthrie A, Smith AM. Right-sided Bochdalek hernia obstructing in an adult: case report and review of the literature.Hernia. 2007;11:359–62. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kesieme EB, Kesieme CN. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: review of current concept in surgical management.ISRN Surg. 2011;2011:974041. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Pfannschmidt J, Hoffmann H, Dienemann H. Morgagni hernia in adults: results in 7 patients.Scand J Surg. 2004;93:77–81. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ramspott JP, Jäger T, Lechner M, Schredl P, Gabersek A, Mayer F, et al. A systematic review on diagnostics and surgical treatment of adult right-sided Bochdalek hernias and presentation of the current management pathway.Hernia. 2022;26:47–59. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
