Table Info

Table 4.

Studies associating bacteria and tumour with metabolites, HPV virus, and treatment

Author	Reference	Study purpose	Microbes present/role of microbes	Observation
Lohavanichbutr, et al.	[21]	To identify salivary metabolites profiling in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal cases, and between oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with and without nodal metastasis.	Oral microbes could also influence the type and level of metabolites.	Glycine, proline, ornithine, and citrulline are associated with early stage of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Guerrero-Preston, et al.	[22]	To identify microbiota associated with oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients, HPV, and before and after surgical treatment.	Tumour samples exhibited increased bacterial flora, including Dialister, Streptococcus, and Veillonella. Only HPV positive patients have an abundance of genus Gemellaceae and Leukonostoc. Abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutis, and Bacteroidetes present before surgery.	Difference in Bacterial flora abundance in tumour samples and normal samples. Bacterial flora’s abundance varies in HPV positive and negative patients. Bacterial flora’s abundance varied before and after surgery.
Kadam, et al.	[23]	To identify role of oral microbiome as a tool of management in tobacco associated oral cancers.	Increased bacteria in oral cancer due to smokeless form of tobacco—Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Veillonella, Prevotella intermedia, Clostridium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus parainfluenza, Streptococcus anginosus, Abiotrophia species, Enterococcus faecalis.	Microbial profiling could be used as screening tool and in treatment strategies.
Hooper, et al.	[24]	To characterize bacterial flora inside oral cancer tissue.	Fusobacterium naviforme, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius, and Ralstonia insidiosa were in > 30% more of tumourous samples than non-tumourous samples. Saccharolytic and aciduric species: Proteobacteria and members of genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella.	Most of the bacteria identified were saccharolytic and aciduric species.

Declarations

Author contributions

KP: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Visualisation. SKM, RK, and MM: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. RR: Visualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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