Exploration of Medicine

Table 2. Description of various polymers/hydrogel systems utilized for the treatment of skin cancer

No.	Polymers (hydrogels)	Cell/cell lines	Type of cancer	Results	References
1.	Chitosan hydrogel	A mouse model of CD8+ T cells	Skin cancer	Similar results from immunization as that of dendritic cell vaccination in cancer treatment	[106]
2.	Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels	Human cell lines produced from metastatic melanoma (A375) and the radial growth phase (WM35)	Skin cancer	PLX4032 (vemurafenib)’s cytotoxicity decreased on more flexible substrates via metastatic A375 cells, which resulted in decreased proliferation rather than an increase in death	[107]
3.	PEG-peptide hydrogels	Radial growth phase human melanoma cells (WM35) and metastatic cells (A375)	Skin cancer	Drug sensitivity in cells was reduced by 3D spherical models compared to 2D ones	[108]
4.	Lanthanum-doped chitosan (La-CS) hydrogels	Mouse melanoma cells (B-16) and skin fibroblast cells (L929)	Skin cancer	B-16 melanoma cell proliferation is anticipated, while L929 skin fibroblast cell toxicity is decreasing	[109]
5.	Sericin/dextran composite-hydrogels	Human liver cells (HL7702) and mouse myoblast cells (C2C12)	Skin cancer	Substantial conquest of cancer growth via hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin	[110]
6.	Paclitaxel-encapsulated cell-penetrating-peptide-modified transfer-somes-embedded hydrogel (PTX-CTs/Gel)	Mouse melanoma cells (B16F10)	Skin cancer	A decrease in cancerous cell proliferation combined with systemic chemo through Taxol®	[111]

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Declarations

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to offer special thanks to MM College of Pharmacy, Amity institute of Nanotechnology for allowing carrying out this work and other research projects.

Author contributions

RG, SH, and KW: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. HC: Supervision, Investigation, Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. RP: Formal analysis, Resources, Visualization. ML and RS: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Methodology. All the authors have equally contributed to conceiving this paper and participated in its revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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