Colonization density and frequency of detection of microorganisms in the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets
Microorganism
Main group
n = 102
Control group
n = 30
Frequency of detection (%)
Colonization density (lg CFU/mL)
(M ± m)
Frequency of detection (%)
Colonization density (lg CFU/mL)
(M ± m)
Coagulase-positive staphylococci
77.8
4.44 ± 0.11
33.3
3.94 ± 0.16**
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
66.7
4.50 ± 0.14
46.7
4.02 ± 0.18**
α-hemolytic streptococci
100.0
6.82 ± 0.11
100.0
6.75 ± 0.11**
β-hemolytic streptococci
40.0
5.39 ± 0.19
26.7
3.39 ± 0.17**
Neisseria
55.0
6.54 ± 0.16
43.3
5.32 ± 0.11**
Lactobacilli
73.8
3.95 ± 0.12
53.3
5.77 ± 0.18**
Klebsiella
15.0
1.80 ± 0.21
0.0
-
Escherichia coli
41.7
2.08 ± 0.11
10.0
0.13 ± 0.08**
Candida fungi
60.0
3.21 ± 0.11
6.7
1.23 ± 0.21**
Corynebacterium
33.3
3.49 ± 0.09
13.3
1.44 ± 0.17**
Spirochaeta*
100.0
-
100.0
-
Fusobacterium*
100.0
-
100.0
-
Veillonella*
100.0
-
100.0
-
*: microorganisms that are identified by the microscopic method; **: P < 0.05; -: not detected
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank professor of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Orest Kochan, for his intellectual assistance, advice and support at all stages of preparation of this paper. The work is a fragment of inter-department scientific research work “Comorbid conditions in the clinic of internal medicine and the practice of a family doctor: predictors of development, early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment” (state registration number 0133U4001244).
Author contributions
OD: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. SB and KL: Investigation, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Writing—review & editing. NM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. NC and ML: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. NT: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The Bioethics Committee of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine approved the study protocols (excerpt from protocol No. 73) on April 3, 2023. All the patient investigations conformed to the principles outlined in the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (April 4, 1997), the World Health Association Helsinki Declaration on Ethical Principles for Scientific Research with Human Participation (1964–2000), and the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 281 of November 1, 2000; Declaration of Helsinki “World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” (2001), Code of Scientist of Ukraine (2009). All patients’ examinations were done with informed consent.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets for this study can be found in the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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