Table Info

Table 1.

Comparison of 3D printed dental materials, their production methods, and properties relative to conventional dental materials [48, 55, 56]

Material	Production method	Properties (3D printed)	Properties (conventional)
Polymeric resins	SLA or DLP	Biocompatible, customizable, smooth finish	May lack customization, potentially less biocompatible depending on source
Ceramics	Binder jetting or SLA with ceramic-filled resins	High strength, esthetic, biocompatible	Highly esthetic, durable, but less customizable
Metal alloys (e.g., cobalt-chrome)	SLM or EBM	Durable, high tensile strength, customizable	Extremely durable, used for long-term restorations, not easily customizable
Thermoplastic materials (e.g., PEEK, PEKK)	FDM	Durable, biocompatible, flexible, good for temporary prosthetics	Durable, but more suited for mass production
Wax	FDM or SLA/DLP with wax-like resins	Useful for casting applications, easy to melt and shape	Traditional in lost-wax casting, manually shaped
Bioinks (for tissue engineering)	Bioprinting	Can incorporate live cells, for potential tissue regeneration	Traditional tissue grafts, less customizable
Composite resins	SLA/DLP with composite resins	Combination of ceramic and polymer; esthetic, durable	Often hand-layered, with good esthetics but potentially less precision

PEEK: polyetheretherketone; PEKK: polyetherketoneketone; DLP: digital light processing; SLM: selective laser melting; EBM: electron beam melting

Declarations

Author contributions

KP: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. RS: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. AD: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision. DD, MAI, PP, and AP: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology. PPB, MS, PS, and BB: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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