Table Info

Table 1.

Some potent apoptotic medications used for the treatment of NDs

Sr. No.	Drugs	Mechanism of action	Model used	References
1.	Minocycline	Inhibition of the generation of free radicals and the neurotoxicity caused by 6-OHDA in rat CGN.	Cultured rat CGN	[41, 42]
2.	Rasagiline	This causes MAO-B inhibition, which may decrease oxidation and the buildup of free radicals while simultaneously increasing the amount of monoamines in the brain through the suppression of their catabolism.	Aged male C57Bl/6J mice	[43, 44]
3.	Resveratrol	Present in red wine, grapes, and other fruits that inhibit oxidative stress via attenuation of 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and dopamine depletion.	6-OHDA-induced PD rat model	[45, 46]
4.	Coenzyme Q₁₀	By reducing oxidative stress and activating the P13K pathway, amyloid beta-induced neuronal cell death can be prevented.	Amyloid beta_25–35-induced rat cortical neurons	[47]
5.	Metformin	By lowering the transcription of Nrf2 and neurotrophic factors, the brain is protected against neurodegeneration without suffering cognitive impairment.	Aged male C57Bl/6J mice	[48]
9.	Mucuna pruriens	Its treatment significantly reduced nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and iNOS expression, indicating that it lowers NO in PD.	PQ-induced PD mouse model	[49]
10.	Ursolic acid	Reduction of oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and enhancement of neurobehavioral functioning in PD patients.	MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model	[50]

Sr. No.: serial number; 6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; CGN: cerebellar granule neurons; MAO-B: monoamine oxidase B; P13K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; C57Bl/6J: parentral substrain of mice; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; PQ: paraquat; iNOS: inducible NO synthase; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

Declarations

Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to their organizations for their support.

Author contributions

RG and KW: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. AS and HC: Supervision, Investigation, Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. RKG and SG: Formal analysis, Resources, Visualization. MAK: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Methodology. All the authors have equally contributed to conceiving this paper and participated in its revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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