Left to right shunts (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect)
Obstructive lesions (pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta)
Cyanotic lesions
Pulmonary stenosis with right to left shunt at atrial level (critical pulmonary stenosis, Ebstein anomaly, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum)
Pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal defect (tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis, transposition of great arteries with pulmonary stenosis, single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis, congenitally corrected TGA with pulmonary stenosis, complete atrioventricular canal defect with pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect)
Transposition of great arteries physiology (d-TGA, DORV, tricuspid atresia, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
Decreased pulmonary blood flow with pulmonary arterial hypertension (pulmonary venous hypertension, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, TAPVC with obstruction)
The authors acknowledge the in-kind support provided by the Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration.
Author contributions
Romila C: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. GK: Conceptualization, Data curation. KR: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Ritesh C: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. RA and KSD: Conceptualization. NA: Conceptualization, Data curation. All authors critically reviewed the original draft. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, Devki Devi Foundation (Reference No: RS/MSSH/DDF/SKT-2/IEC/PED-CARDIO/20-44).
Consent to participate
Patient consent was waived as the data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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