Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, accuracy, and concordance of chest radiograph variables in comparison with echocardiography
Variables
Sensitivity
Specificity
PPV
NPV
PLR
NLR
Accuracy
κ
P-value
Situs
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
-
0.00
100.00%
1.00
< 0.001*
Cardiac position
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
-
0.00
100.00%
1.00
< 0.001*
Cardiomegaly
85.00%
66.67%
62.96%
86.96%
2.55
0.23
74.00%
0.49
< 0.001*
RAE
84.62%
54.17%
66.67%
76.47%
1.85
0.28
70.00%
0.39
0.004*
LAE
66.67%
71.43%
50.00%
83.33%
2.33
0.47
70.00%
0.35
0.012*
RVE
81.82%
41.03%
28.13%
88.89%
1.39
0.44
50.00%
0.14
0.163
LVE
57.89%
74.19%
57.89%
74.19%
2.24
0.57
68.00%
0.32
0.023*
Position of AK
50.00%
97.83%
66.67%
95.74%
23.00
0.51
94.00%
0.54
< 0.001*
AA dilation
25.00%
95.65%
33.33%
93.62%
5.75
0.78
90.00%
0.23
0.095
DA dilation
-
97.96%
0.00%
100.00%
-
-
98.00%
-
-
MPA dilation
50.00%
95.65%
50.00%
95.65%
11.50
0.52
92.00%
0.46
0.001*
RPA dilation
75.00%
93.48%
50.00%
97.73%
11.50
0.98
92.00%
0.56
< 0.001*
LPA dilation
25.00%
97.83%
50.00%
93.75%
11.50
0.77
92.00%
0.30
0.025*
PAH
12.50%
95.24%
33.33%
85.11%
2.63
0.92
82.00%
0.10
0.398
PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; PLR: positive likelihood ratio; NLR: negative likelihood ratio; RAE: right atrium enlargement; LAE: left atrium enlargement; RVE: right ventricle enlargement; LVE: left ventricle enlargement; AK: aortic knuckle; AA: ascending aorta; DA: descending aorta; MPA: main pulmonary artery; RPA: right pulmonary artery; LPA: left pulmonary artery; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; -: not applicable; *: concordance (agreement) between chest radiograph and echocardiography, as measured by κ, is significant at P < 0.05
The authors acknowledge the in-kind support provided by the Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration.
Author contributions
Romila C: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. GK: Conceptualization, Data curation. KR: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Ritesh C: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. RA and KSD: Conceptualization. NA: Conceptualization, Data curation. All authors critically reviewed the original draft. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, Devki Devi Foundation (Reference No: RS/MSSH/DDF/SKT-2/IEC/PED-CARDIO/20-44).
Consent to participate
Patient consent was waived as the data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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