Table Info

Table 4.

Comparisons of brain volumes across circulating CD34+CD133+ EPC quartiles

Brain volumes^a Mean (SD)	Stratification	Blood CD34+CD133+ EPCs frequency, %
Brain volumes^a Mean (SD)	Stratification	1st Q [0.002, 0.021] (n = 302)	2nd Q [0.021, 0.033] (n = 310)	3rd Q [0.033, 0.050] (n = 271)	4th Q [0.050, 0.609] (n = 289)	ANOVA P value^b	Cuzick trend test P value^b
Cerebrum gray matter	No vascular diseases	40.181 (1.793)	40.276 (1.340)	40.273 (1.554)	40.285 (1.441)	0.978	0.728
Cerebrum gray matter	Vascular diseases	38.891 (1.762)	39.056 (1.844)	39.282 (1.898)	38.890 (1.840)	0.088	0.468
Cerebrum white matter	No vascular diseases	36.789 (2.255)	37.264 (1.620)	37.303 (2.027)	37.273 (2.151)	0.405	0.296
Cerebrum white matter	Vascular diseases	36.088 (2.669)	35.975 (2.354)	35.980 (2.595)	36.814 (2.709)	0.001^*	0.004^*
Frontal gray matter	No vascular diseases	14.160 (0.942)	14.357 (0.678)	14.305 (0.690)	14.326 (0.714)	0.457	0.392
Frontal gray matter	Vascular diseases	13.714 (0.788)	13.792 (0.781)	13.907 (0.766)	13.739 (0.833)	0.056	0.360
Frontal white matter	No vascular diseases	13.479 (1.058)	13.670 (0.711)	13.656 (0.849)	13.694 (0.968)	0.500	0.209
Frontal white matter	Vascular diseases	13.274 (1.112)	13.232 (1.077)	13.273 (1.164)	13.585 (1.232)	0.003^*	0.007^*
Parietal gray matter	No vascular diseases	7.940 (0.511)	7.985 (0.430)	7.983 (0.473)	7.984 (0.453)	0.931	0.744
Parietal gray matter	Vascular diseases	7.673 (0.477)	7.734 (0.514)	7.725 (0.495)	7.616 (0.543)	0.054	0.215
Parietal white matter	No vascular diseases	7.297 (0.606)	7.350 (0.485)	7.372 (0.549)	7.423 (0.514)	0.591	0.298
Parietal white matter	Vascular diseases	7.211 (0.650)	7.169 (0.586)	7.109 (0.590)	7.297 (0.689)	0.017^*	0.252
Occipital gray matter	No vascular diseases	4.856 (0.421)	4.795 (0.377)	4.807 (0.395)	4.851 (0.395)	0.755	0.905
Occipital gray matter	Vascular diseases	4.628 (0.468)	4.643 (0.435)	4.692 (0.482)	4.655 (0.458)	0.501	0.437
Occipital white matter	No vascular diseases	4.284 (0.384)	4.334 (0.373)	4.300 (0.418)	4.273 (0.400)	0.828	0.683
Occipital white matter	Vascular diseases	4.194 (0.453)	4.148 (0.417)	4.196 (0.421)	4.250 (0.445)	0.099	0.161
Temporal gray matter	No vascular diseases	9.950 (0.437)	9.871 (0.519)	9.874 (0.494)	9.842 (0.471)	0.600	0.215
Temporal gray matter	Vascular diseases	9.566 (0.573)	9.615 (0.609)	9.629 (0.620)	9.618 (0.571)	0.683	0.296
Temporal white matter	No vascular diseases	6.251 (0.501)	6.249 (0.387)	6.345 (0.425)	6.252 (0.463)	0.543	0.907
Temporal white matter	Vascular diseases	5.943 (0.591)	5.931 (0.513)	5.942 (0.572)	6.065 (0.576)	0.038^*	0.046^*
Hippocampus	No vascular diseases	0.550 (0.045)	0.562 (0.045)	0.557 (0.045)	0.550 (0.050)	0.393	0.813
Hippocampus	Vascular diseases	0.529 (0.050)	0.537 (0.052)	0.536 (0.049)	0.541 (0.047)	0.091	0.023^*
HTN
Cerebrum white matter		35.842 (2.835)	35.805 (2.381)	36.011 (2.617)	36.815 (2.677)	0.002^*	0.0006^*
Frontal white matter		13.177 (1.179)	13.150 (1.033)	13.257 (1.140)	13.546 (1.204)	0.009^*	0.004^*
Temporal white matter		5.906 (0.612)	5.915 (0.547)	5.942 (0.590)	6.075 (0.581)	0.039^*	0.014^*
Hippocampus		0.523 (0.047)	0.534 (0.053)	0.532 (0.053)	0.542 (0.046)	0.015^*	0.0016^*
CMBs
Frontal gray matter		13.307 (0.684)	13.428 (0.907)	13.987 (0.700)	13.572 (0.692)	0.022^*	0.044^*
Hippocampus		0.510 (0.040)	0.538 (0.060)	0.545 (0.038)	0.537 (0.048)	0.061	0.040^*

The participants who had brain volume measurements were divided based on CD34+CD133+ cell frequency (%) quartiles and further divided into those who did not vs. had vascular diseases. ANOVA and Curick trend test were used to compare MRI brain volumes, gray matter and white matter volumes, across four quartiles in the absence and the presence of vascular diseases. ^a Regional brain volumes were divided by cerebrum cranial volume; ^b Bonferroni significance = 0.005 (0.05/11); ^* P value significant < 0.05

Supplementary materials

The supplementary materials for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1001216_sup_1.pdf

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We want to express our thanks to the FHS participants for their decades of dedication and to the FHS staff for their hard work in collecting and preparing the data.

Author contributions

YW and J Huang: Data curation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. TFAA: Data curation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. YZ and QT: Data curation, Investigation. JM, MA, GVD, AB, AG, MR, BG, J Han, KLL, and TDS: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. RA and LAF: Supervision, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. XZ and WQQ: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Methodology, Supervision.

Conflicts of interest

Lindsay A. Farrer who is the Editor-in-Chief of Exploration of Medicine had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript.

Ethical approval

The FHS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Boston University, and all participants provided written informed consent. The ROS and MAP studies were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Rush University Medical Center. All participants signed an informed consent, an Anatomic Gift Act for brain donation, and a repository consent to allow their data and biospecimens to be shared.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The FHS data is available at dbGaP (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000007.v33.p14) upon reasonable request/application. The ROSMAP data is available at the AD Knowledge Portal (https://adknowledgeportal.org). The other datasets that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

This study was supported by National Institute on Aging grants [U19-AG068753, RF1-AG057519, and R01-AG048927]. The FHS data collection was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contract [N01-HC-25195]. The sponsor institutes did not play any role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Copyright

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