Table Info

Table 1.

Demographic and cognitive characteristic

Dependent Variables	Ethnic Minorities Group		Ethnic Minorities		Statistic
Dependent Variables	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	t	df	P-value	CI 95%
Age	20	67.55 (6.19)	22	66.59 (8.71)	–0.41	40.00	0.69	(–5.71 3.80)
Education RQF	20	8.05 (13.26)	22	16.79 (20.89)	1.63	35.94	0.11	(–2.12 19.59)
Education level	20	2.30 (0.57)	22	2.50 (0.80)	0.92	40.00	0.36	(–0.24 0.64)
Years in the UK	20	65.70 (7.71)	23	39.84 (14.07)	–7.60	34.99	< 0.001	(–32.77 –18.95)
Percentage years in the UK	20	97.37 (7.94)	22	58.88 (18.63)	–8.84	28.95	< 0.001	(–47.38 –29.58)
English proficiency	20	4.75 (0.55)	23	3.48 (0.73)	–6.50	40.24	< 0.001	(–1.67 –0.88)
Multi-ethnic Acculturation Scale	20	85.05 (12.10)	23	64.61 (13.43)	–5.21	41.00	< 0.001	(–28.36 –12.52)
Neuropsychological tests
Cross-Linguistic Naming Test	20	39.90 (0.31)	21	38.05 (3.87)	–2.19	20.27	0.04	(–3.62 –0.09)
M-ACE	20	27.15 (2.94)	23	21.39 (7.44)	–3.42	29.52	< 0.001^*	(–9.20 –2.32)
RUDAS	20	28.30 (2.64)	22	24.95 (6.73)	–2.16	27.82	0.04^*	(–6.52 –0.17)
VSTMBT Perception	20	9.90 (0.31)	22	9.64 (1.14)	–1.05	24.35	0.31^*	(–0.78 0.26)
VSTMBT 2 Shapes	20	15.10 (1.83)	22	14.18 (2.22)	–1.45	40.00	0.15^*	(–2.19 0.36)
VSTMBT 2 Bindings	20	13.20 (2.19)	22	11.27 (2.55)	–2.62	40.00	0.01^*	(–3.42 –0.44)
VSTMBT Cost 2	20	12.54 (10.12)	22	19.72 (16.39)	1.73	40.00	0.09^*	(–1.25 15.63)
VSTMBT 3 Shapes	20	13.65 (2.43)	22	12.91 (2.52)	–0.97	40.00	0.34^*	(–2.29 0.81)
VSTMBT 3 Bindings	20	11.75 (1.89)	22	10.23 (1.54)	–2.87	40.00	0.01^*	(–2.59 –0.45)
VSTMBT Cost 3	20	9.67 (30.68)	22	18.4 (16.59)	1.16	40.00	0.27^*	(–6.45 23.90)

M-ACE: Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination; RQF: Regulated Qualifications Framework; RUDAS: Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale; VSTMBT: Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test. ^* not all the neuropsychological variables were normally distributed, see Tables S1 and S2, for non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests. There were a few missing data from the Ethnic Minorities Group: one participant did not report on age or percentage years in the UK, and one did not report on education. One did not contribute data on the Cross-Linguistic Naming Test or RUDAS, and one did not contribute data on the Cross-Linguistic Naming Test or the VSTMBT

Supplementary material

The supplementary tables for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1001227_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Alfredo Ardila who provided both the Cross-Linguistic Naming Test and Multi-Ethnic Acculturation Scale.

Author contributions

CC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MAP: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The data collected in this manuscript were obtained in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study received ethical approval by the University of Edinburgh’s School of Health in Social Science (CLIN623).

Consent to participate

The informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Datasets are available on request: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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