The degree of oral dysbiosis of patients with periodontal diseases and chronic colitis, chronic pancreatitis, and primary hypothyroidism
Examination groups
Degree of oral dysbiosis
I
II
III
Total number of patients
n
%
n
%
n
%
Patients with periodontal diseases without systemic pathology (І group)
18
60.00
12
40.00
0
0.00
30
Patients with chronic colitis (ІІ group)
13
20.97
31
50.00
18
29.03
62
Patients with chronic pancreatitis (ІІІ group)
37
36.27
53
51.96
12
11.76
102
Patients with primary hypothyroidism (ІV group)
57
68.67
21
25.30
5
6.02
83
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Professor Orest Kochan for his advice and support and to Tetiana Yakushevych for professional support in language editing. The work is prepared within an inter-department research project «Development and implementation of differentiated approaches of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of periodontal and oral mucosa diseases» (state registration number 0123U100071).
Author contributions
OD: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. SB: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—review & editing. NC and ML: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. LP and KP: Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. NM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. MZ: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. NT: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The Bioethics Committee of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University approved the study protocol (excerpt from protocol No. 73) on April 3, 2023. All the patient investigations conformed to the principles outlined in the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (April 4, 1997), the World Health Association Helsinki Declaration on Ethical Principles for Scientific Research with Human Participation (1964–2000), and the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 281 of November 1, 2000; Declaration of Helsinki “World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” (2001), Code of Scientist of Ukraine (2009). All patients’ examinations were done with informed consent.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets for this study will be available on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Tan X, Wang Y, Gong T. The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases.J Oral Microbiol. 2023;15:2213112. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Yamazaki K. Oral-gut axis as a novel biological mechanism linking periodontal disease and systemic diseases: A review.Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2023;59:273–80. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
De la Fuente-Hernández J, Aguilar-Díaz FDC, Villanueva-Vilchis MDC. Oral health related quality of life. In: Virdi MS, editor. Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry. London: IntechOpen; 2015. [DOI]
Buduneli N. Environmental factors and periodontal microbiome.Periodontol 2000. 2021;85:112–25. [DOI] [PubMed]
Demkovych A, Kalashnikov D, Hasiuk P, Zubchenko S, Vorobets A. The influence of microbiota on the development and course of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues.Front Oral Health. 2023;4:1237448. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Degasper GR, Etchegaray A, Marcelino L, Sicard A, Villalpando KT, Pinheiro SL. Periodontal disease: general aspects from biofilm to the immune response driven by periodontal pathogens.Adv Appl Microbiol. 2018;8:1–17. [DOI]
Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview.Front Physiol. 2021;12:709438. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ebersole JL, Dawson D 3rd, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, et al. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity.Periodontol 2000. 2017;75:52–115. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hasiuk N, Bozhyk S, Radchuk V. Modern view on mechanisms of epithelium differentiation of the oral mucosa in normal and pathological processes.Acta Stomatol Naissi. 2021;37:2314–14. Serbian. [DOI]
Karobari MI, Siddharthan S, Adil AH, Khan MM, Venugopal A, Rokaya D, et al. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors affecting oral and periodontal health and quality of life in South Asia.Open Dent J. 2022;16:e187421062209270. [DOI]
Denefil O, Chorniy S, Boitsaniuk S, Manashchuk N, Chornij N, Levkiv M, et al. Analysis of microbiocenosis of a gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal diseases associated with systemic pathology.Explor Med. 2023;4:942–55. [DOI]
Nemesh OM, Honta ZM, Slaba OM, Shylivskyi IV. Pathogenetic mechanisms of comorbidity of systemic diseases and periodontal pathology.Wiad Lek. 2021;74:1262–67. [PubMed]
Chornii AV, Shmanko VV. The research of local oral immunity in patients with primary hypothyroidism combined with periodontal diseases.Sci Rise Med Sci. 2016;10:59–62. Ukrainian. [DOI]
Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions.Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021;19:1335–60. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Gotschlich EC, Colbert RA, Gill T. Methods in microbiome research: Past, present, and future.Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33:101498. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems.J Periodontol. 1967;38:610–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rathee M, Jain P. Gingivitis. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
Levytskyi AP, Makarenko OA, Selivanska IA, Rossakhanova LN, Denga OV, Pochtar VN, et al. Enzymatic methods for determination of oral dysbiosis for screening pro-and prebiotics: method guidelines. Kiev: GFC; 2007.
Dutko GZ. Features of the clinical course, prevention and treatment of main dental diseases of children with oligophrenia [dissertation]. Lviv: Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University; 2020.
DeCoursey W. Statistics and probability for engineering applications. Elsevier; 2003.
Mendenhall WM, Sincich TL, Boudreau NS. Statistics for engineering and the sciences student solutions manual. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016.
Jun S, Kochan O, Levkiv M. Metrological software test for studying the method of thermocouple error determination during operation. In: Proceedings of 2017 11th International Conference on Measurement; 2017 May 29–31; Smolenice, Slovakia. IEEE; 2017. pp. 171-4.
Chornij N, Boitsaniuk S, Stechyshyn I, Pavliuk B, Manashchuk N, Chornii A, et al. Prevention and methods of correction of hyperesthesia of dental hard tissues of teeth.Pharmacologyonline. 2021;2:1436–42.
Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention.Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017;11:72–80. [PubMed] [PMC]
Bhuyan R, Bhuyan SK, Mohanty JN, Das S, Juliana N, Juliana IF. Periodontitis and Its Inflammatory Changes Linked to Various Systemic Diseases: A Review of Its Underlying Mechanisms.Biomedicines. 2022;10:2659. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Suárez LJ, Garzón H, Arboleda S, Rodríguez A. Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review.Front Immunol. 2020;11:591255. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Piasetska LV, Luchynskyi MA, Oshchypko RV, Rozhko VI, Luchynskyi VM. Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of gingivitis by the oral dysbiosis index in patients with different reactions of psychophysiological maladaptation.Wiad Lek. 2020;73:2457–60. [PubMed]
Shahoumi LA, Saleh MHA, Meghil MM. Virulence Factors of the Periodontal Pathogens: Tools to Evade the Host Immune Response and Promote Carcinogenesis.Microorganisms. 2023;11:115. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Rosier BT, Marsh PD, Mira A. Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis.J Dent Res. 2018;97:371–80. [DOI] [PubMed]
Malik S, Muhammad K, Waheed Y. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare and Medicine.Molecules. 2023;28:6624. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Boitsaniuk S, Levkiv M, Kochan O. Application of nanotechnology in periodontal therapy: Narrative review.Charact Appl Nanomater. 2024;7:4306. [DOI]
Kochan O, Boitsaniuk S, Levkiv M, Przystupa K, Manashchuk N, Pohoretska K, et al. Emergence of Nano-dentistry as a reality of contemporary dentistry.Appl Sci. 2022;12:2008. [DOI]
Chambrone L, Ramos UD, Reynolds MA. Infrared lasers for the treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review.J Periodontol. 2018;89:743–65. [DOI] [PubMed]
Agossa K, Sy K, Mainville T, Gosset M, Jeanne S, Grosgogeat B, et al. Antibiotic Use in Periodontal Therapy among French Dentists and Factors Which Influence Prescribing Practices.Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10:303. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Fragkioudakis I, Riggio MP, Apatzidou DA. Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts.J Med Microbiol. 2021;70:001247. [DOI] [PubMed]
Shaikh HFM, Patil SH, Pangam TS, Rathod KV. Polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis: An overview.J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22:101–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Parasuraman S, Vedam VK, Sabesan GS. Probiotics: an emerging strategy for oral health care. In: Kothari V, Kumar P, Ray S, editors. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics: Human Microbiome and Human Health. Singapore: Springer; 2023. pp. 275–306. [DOI]
Luo S, Wei S, Luo X, Yang Q, Wong K, Cheung PCK, et al. How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective.NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024;10:14. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]