Table Info

Table 1.

Overview of major considerations in fat grafting: from harvesting to placement in the recipient site

Stage	Key issues	Details
Donor selection	Donor age	Younger donors may have higher proliferation rates and regenerative potential
	Donor sex	Potential hormonal influences affecting adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ASC) functionality
	Donor health status	Conditions like obesity, diabetes, and systemic inflammation can impair ASC functionality
	Anatomical site of fat harvesting	Variability in cellular composition, vascularity, and stem cell content based on the harvest site
Fat harvesting	Technique	Methods such as liposuction technique (manual vs. power-assisted) can impact cell viability
Fat harvesting	Harvest site	Different body areas may yield varying quality and quantity of ASCs
Processing	Isolation of ASCs	Techniques for isolating ASCs from fat can affect the viability and functionality of the cells
	Purification methods	Methods like centrifugation or filtration can influence the quality of the graft
	Additives and enhancements	Use of growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or other additives to improve graft outcomes
Graft preparation	Volume of fat	The amount of fat prepared for grafting can impact integration and survival
Graft preparation	Cell concentration	The optimal concentration of ASCs within the graft is crucial for success
Placement technique	Injection technique	The method of injecting fat (e.g., microdroplet, linear threading) affects distribution and survival
Placement technique	Layering and integration strategy	Proper layering techniques to promote vascularization and integration
Postoperative care	Monitoring and follow-up	Regular monitoring to assess graft survival and integration
	Management of complications	Addressing issues such as fat necrosis, cyst formation, and infection
	Optimization of patient health	Ensuring optimal patient health to support graft survival and integration
Long-term outcomes	Graft retention rates	Variability in retention rates ranging from 10% to 80% within the first year
	Assessment of functional and aesthetic results	Evaluating both the functional improvement and aesthetic enhancement over time
	Impact of donor-related factors	Long-term studies on how donor characteristics influence outcomes

Declarations

Author contributions

OB: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. IG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. BZ and EM: Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was supported by the Bashkir State Medical University Strategic Academic Leadership Program [PRIORITY-2030]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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