Studies comparing aggressive hydration with lactate Ringer plus indomethacin: intra-procedural risk factors

Author (country, year) [ref]Difficult cannulationPancreatic duct cannulationPancreatic duct injectionPrecutPancreatic sphincterotomyBalloon dilation papillaTrainee involved
Mok et al. (USA, 2017) [47]> 8 attempts
13% LR + indomethacin
13% NSS + placebo
17% NSS + indomethacin
10% LR + placebo
(p = 0.87)		NA21% LR + indomethacin
31% NSS + placebo
25% NSS + indomethacin
31% LR + placebo
(p = 0.59)		0% LR + indomethacin
2% NSS + placebo
0% NSS + indomethacin
2% LR + placebo
(p = 1.00)		4% LR + indomethacin
10% NSS + placebo
13% NSS + indomethacin
8% LR + placebo
(p = 0.59)		21% LR + indomethacin
21% NSS + placebo
19% NSS + indomethacin
23% LR + placebo
(p = 0.74)		100%
Hajalikhani et al. (Iran, 2018) [48]NA8.4% vs. 8%
(p = 0.99)		NA21.5% vs. 21.4%
(p = 0.99)		6.5% vs. 7.1%
(p = 0.99)		42.1% vs. 33.9%
(p = 0.26)		NA
Thanage et al. (India, 2021) [49]> 8 attempts
43.8% LR + diclofenac
64.9% LR
56.1% diclofenac
(p = 0.88)		10.5% LR + diclofenac
7% LR
3.5% diclofenac
(p = 0.34)		NA26.3% LR + diclofenac
5.2% LR
22.8% diclofenac
(p = 0.007)		NANANA
Boal Carvalho et al. (Portugal, 2022) [50]NA13.3% vs. 13.9%
(p = ns)		8.4% vs. 8.3%
(p = ns)		7.3% vs. 9.7%
(p = ns)		NA21.7% vs. 19.4%
(p = ns)		NA
Sperna Weiland et al. (Netherlands, 2021) [51]> 5 attempts
30% LR + diclofenac
29% control
(p = 0.96)		41% LR + diclofenac
37% control
(p = 0.37)		15% LR + diclofenac
17% control
(p = 0.71)		18% LR + diclofenac
13% control
(p = 0.06)		< 1% LR + diclofenac
< 1% control
(p = 0.63)		5% LR + diclofenac
7% control
(p = 0.41)		9% LR + diclofenac
8% control
(p = 0.89)

LR: lactated Ringer’s; NA: not available; NSS: normal saline solution