Table Info

Table 1.

Overall characteristics of participants of the selected studies

Article	Design	Country	Number of PD patients	Number of healthy patients (control)	Age of PD patients (years)	Age of healthy patients (years)	Disease stage (Hoehn & Yahr) [20]	Disease severity (MDS UPDRS-III) [19]	Disease duration (years)
Baram et al. [21], 2020	RCT	Denmark	29	-	32–72	-	2.9 ± 0.4	20.6 ± 4.9	11.7 ± 5.0
Baram et al. [22], 2023	CS	Denmark	6,874	34,285	71 (58–82)	71 (58–82)	-	-	-
Barbe et al. [23], 2017	CS	Germany	100	-	71 ± 8.7	-	-	17.5 ± 8.6	-
Barbe et al. [24], 2017	CS	Germany	26	26	69 ± 9.0	69 ± 9.0	-	13.0 ± 9.0	9.0 ± 4.0
Barbe et al. [25], 2017	CS	Germany	30	30	69.3 ± 8.0	69.3 ± 7.9	-	12.0 ± 8.8	-
Fleury et al. [26], 2021	CS	Switzerland	20	20	62.8	64.3	2	15	4.7
García-De-La-Fuente et al. [27], 2022	CS	Spain	104	106	66.2 ± 9.2	59.2 ± 14.1	-	-	-
García-de-la-Fuente et al. [28], 2023	CS	Spain	104	106	66.2 ± 9.2	66.2 ± 9.2	-	-	-
John et al. [29], 2021	CS	India	32	42	58.4 ± 10.6	66.2 ± 9.2	-	-	-
Lyra et al. [30], 2020	CS	Portugal	28	-	72.3 ± 8.1	-	2.7	-	-
Pradeep et al. [31], 2015	CS	India	45	46	54.5 ± 9.1	63.9 ± 13.1	-	-	-
Ribeiro et al. [32], 2016	CS	Brazil	17	20	69.41 ± 4.65	72.00 ± 5.69	-	-	6.76 ± 3.80
Ribeiro et al. [33], 2017	CS	Brazil	17	17	69.4 ± 4.7	70.7 ± 4.7	-	-	6.76 ± 3.80
Rozas et al. [34], 2021	CS	USA	30	30	69.2 ± 9.4	69.1 ± 8.4	-	-	-
van Stiphout et al. [35], 2018	CS	Netherlands	74	74	70.2 ± 8.8	67.9 ± 10.1	2.4	-	-
Verhoeff et al. [36], 2022	CS	Netherlands	341	411	65.5 ± 8.4	62.6 ± 5.3	-	11.5 ± 7.5	7.0 ± 5.5

-: unknown; CS: cross sectional; RCT: randomized clinical trial; MDS-UPDRS-III: Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating scale-part III; PD: Parkinson’s disease. Age, disease stage/severity/duration are expressed in years as mean ± SD (standard deviation)

Declarations

Author contributions

AP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. AS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MG: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GB: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. GC: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. GL: Validation, Writing—review & editing. MA: Validation, Writing-review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data presented in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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