Table Info

Table 1.

Clinical characterization of study samples

Variable^*	Incident dementia (n = 256)	Referents (n = 6, 272)	P value⁺
Age, years	83 ± 8	62 ± 14	< 0.001
Women, n (%)	155 (60.5)	3, 410 (54.4)	0.05
Average number of segments in one recording	209 ± 85	142 ± 54	< 0.001
Average length of each segment, seconds	11.4 ± 4.7	13.0 ± 4.0	< 0.001

One participant could have multiple voice recordings.

Values are n (%), or mean ± SD. One participant could have multiple recordings;

P value was calculated by the Fisher’ exact test for categorical variables, or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables

Supplementary materials

The supplementary materials for this article are available at:

https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/100128_sup_1.pdf

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the dedication of the Framingham Heart Study participants without whom this research would not be possible. We also thank the FHS study staff for their many years of hard work in the examination of subjects and acquisition of data.

Author contributions

HL and RA contributed conception and design of the study. HL and CK performed the statistical analysis. HL, CK and CM drafted the manuscript. TFAA, PJ, TWA, JG and RA critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

RA has received grant funding support from Evidation Health and Biogen. She has been on the scientific advisory board of Optum Labs and serves on the scientific advisory board of Signant Health and is a scientific consultant to Biogen; none of which have any conflict of interest with the contents of this project. Other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The Framingham Heart Study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Boston University Medical Center.

Consent to participate

All participants provided written consent to the study.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Given that voice recordings contain personal information, the dataset used in the current study is not publically available. However, the scripts and tools are available upon request.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contract (N01-HC-25195) and by grants from the National Institute on Aging AG-008122, AG-16495, AG-062109, AG049810, AG054156, and from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NS017950. It was also supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency contract (FA8750-16-C-0299); Pfizer, Inc; the Boston University Digital Health Initiative; Boston University Alzheimer Disease Center Pilot Grant; and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through Boston University Clinical & Translational Science Institute Grant Number 1UL1TR001430. This work was also supported by the Alzheimer’s Association Grant (AARG-NTF-20-643020). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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