SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; ns: non-significant. Significance at (p < 0.05)
Declarations
Author contributions
MZ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. BM: Writing—review & editing. IER: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The Research Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University accepted the study protocol, which was given the 201222 code. The present study was carried out in compliance with the World Medical Association guidelines of ethics for research involving human participants (Declaration of Helsinki, 1978, as amended in 2024). This work was done in years 2023–2024.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyses used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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