Table Info

Table 2.

Sign score comparisons between and within groups

Interval	Measurement	Control	Test	Test statistic	p-value
Baseline	Mean ± SD	4.52 ± 0.67^A	4.52 ± 0.67^A	264.50	0.970^ns
Baseline	Median (IQR)	5.00 (1.00)^A	5.00 (1.00)^A	264.50	0.970^ns
1 week	Mean ± SD	3.91 ± 0.85^B	3.87 ± 0.81^B	271.50	0.879^ns
1 week	Median (IQR)	4.00 (2.00)^B	4.00 (1.50)^B	271.50	0.879^ns
2 weeks	Mean ± SD	3.43 ± 0.79^C	3.22 ± 0.80^C	307.00	0.311^ns
2 weeks	Median (IQR)	4.00 (1.00)^C	3.00 (1.00)^C	307.00	0.311^ns
3 weeks	Mean ± SD	3.39 ± 0.84^C	2.26 ± 0.75^D	436.50	< 0.001*
3 weeks	Median (IQR)	4.00 (1.00)^C	2.00 (1.00)^D	436.50	< 0.001*
4 weeks	Mean ± SD	3.09 ± 1.04^C	1.17 ± 0.58^E	487.00	< 0.001*
4 weeks	Median (IQR)	3.00 (2.00)^C	1.00 (0.50)^E	487.00	< 0.001*
Test statistic		71.30	88.39
p-value		< 0.001*	< 0.001*

SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; ns: non-significant; * significant (p < 0.05). Significant differences exist between values in the same vertical column that have dissimilar superscripts. Mean values having the same superscript letter are not significantly different

Declarations

Author contributions

MZ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. BM: Writing—review & editing. IER: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The Research Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University accepted ‎the study protocol, which was given the 201222 code. The present study was carried out in compliance with the World Medical Association ‎guidelines of ethics for research involving human participants (Declaration of Helsinki, ‎‎1978, as amended in 2024). ‎This work was done in years 2023–2024.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyses used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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