Mean dentin thickness in the mesial and distal canal walls in the two groups prior to instrumentation
Group
Mean(mm)
SD(mm)
T-test statistic
Df
P-value
Effect size (Cohen’s d)
Mesial wall, 3 mm
A1
0.9481
0.19373
–1.547
60
0.127
0.393
C1 + A1
1.0277
0.21136
Mesial wall, 5 mm
A1
1.0484
0.23752
0.300
60
0.766
–0.076
C1 + A1
1.0326
0.17293
Mesial wall, 7 mm
A1
1.1232
0.23624
–0.137
60
0.891
0.035
C1 + A1
1.1310
0.20652
Distal wall, 3 mm
A1
0.9097
0.19663
–0.982
60
0.330
0.249
C1 + A1
0.9619
0.22164
Distal wall, 5 mm
A1
1.0081
0.22716
–0.041
60
0.968
0.010
C1 + A1
1.0103
0.20819
Distal wall, 7 mm
A1
0.9997
0.19570
–0.781
60
0.438
0.198
C1 + A1
1.0400
0.21055
SD: standard deviation; Df: degree of freedom
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research of Birjand University of Medical Sciences for their support and cooperation.
Author contributions
SE: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. SA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. Both authors have read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Birjand University of Medical Sciences ethical committee (IR.BUMS.REC.1403.249). Due to using of medical waste, informed consent is not necessary.
Consent to participate
Not required.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Tomson PL, Simon SR. Contemporary Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canal System.Prim Dent J. 2016;5:46–53. [DOI] [PubMed]
Peters OA, Paqué F. Root canal preparation of maxillary molars with the self-adjusting file: a micro-computed tomography study.J Endod. 2011;37:53–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Damkoengsunthon C, Wongviriya A, Tantanapornkul W, Wisithphrom K, Ketpan K, Piyapattamin T, et al. Evaluation of the shaping ability of different rotary file systems in severely and abruptly curved root canals using cone beam computed tomography.Saudi Dent J. 2024;36:1333–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Reda R, Di Nardo D, Zanza A, Bellanova V, Abbagnale R, Pagnoni F, et al. Upper First and Second Molar Pulp Chamber Endodontic Anatomy Evaluation According to a Recent Classification: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.J Imaging. 2024;10:9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hartmann RC, Peters OA, de Figueiredo JAP, Rossi-Fedele G. Association of manual or engine-driven glide path preparation with canal centring and apical transportation: a systematic review.Int Endod J. 2018;51:1239–52. [DOI] [PubMed]
Saberi N, Patel S, Mannocci F. Comparison of centring ability and transportation between four nickel titanium instrumentation techniques by micro-computed tomography.Int Endod J. 2017;50:595–603. [DOI] [PubMed]
Madani Z, Soleymani A, Bagheri T, Moudi E, Bijani A, Rakhshan V. Transportation and Centering Ability of Neoniti and ProTaper Instruments; A CBCT Assessment.Iran Endod J. 2017;12:43–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zupanc J, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E. New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys – a review.Int Endod J. 2018;51:1088–103. [DOI] [PubMed]
Zanesco C, Só MV, Schmidt S, Fontanella VR, Grazziotin-Soares R, Barletta FB. Apical Transportation, Centering Ratio, and Volume Increase after Manual, Rotary, and Reciprocating Instrumentation in Curved Root Canals: Analysis by Micro-computed Tomographic and Digital Subtraction Radiography.J Endod. 2017;43:486–90. [DOI] [PubMed]
Calberson FLG, Deroose CAJG, Hommez GMG, De Moor RJG. Shaping ability of ProTaper nickel-titanium files in simulated resin root canals.Int Endod J. 2004;37:613–23. [DOI] [PubMed]
Othman Ahmed S, Fahmy S, El faramawy MT. Comparison of the Shaping Ability and Cutting Efficiency of Three Different Rotary Nickel-Titanium Systems. (An In Vitro Study).ASDJ. 2024;34:141–51. [DOI]
Adel M, Tofangchiha M, Rashvand E, Moutabha I, Roohi N, Reda R, et al. Comparison of the Efficacy of NeoNiTi, ProTaper, and Reciproc Files in the Retreatment of Curved Root Canals: a CBCT Assessment.Acta Stomatol Croat. 2022;56:351–62. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Khandagale PD, Shetty PP, Makandar SD, Bapna PA, Karobari MI, Marya A, et al. Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue of Hyflex EDM, Twisted Files, and ProTaper Gold Manufactured with Different Processes: An In Vitro Study.Int J Dent. 2021;2021:7402658. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sedigh-shams M, Ebrahimi R, Asheghi B, Eskandari F. Comparative Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Two Single-file Rotary Instruments in Simulated Stainless Steel Curved Canals.J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci. 2022;7:48–54. [DOI]
Delgoshayi N, Abbasi M, Bakhtiar H, Sakhdari S, Ghannad S, Ellini MR. Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of ProTaper and SafeSider in Preparation of Curved Root Canals: A CBCT Evaluation.Iran Endod J. 2018;13:240–5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Saberi E, Zahedani SS, Ebrahimipour S. Apical Extrusion of Intracanal Bacteria with Single File and Multifile Rotary Instrumentation Systems.J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017;7:292–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Gao Y, Peters OA, Wu H, Zhou X. An application framework of three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement for endodontic research.J Endod. 2009;35:269–74. [DOI] [PubMed]
Zanette F, Grazziotin-Soares R, Flores ME, Camargo Fontanella VR, Gavini G, Barletta FB. Apical root canal transportation and remaining dentin thickness associated with ProTaper Universal with and without PathFile.J Endod. 2014;40:688–93. [DOI] [PubMed]
Selvakumar H, Anandhan V, Thomas E, Swaminathan K, Vijayakumar R. Evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of K3 (0.02%) and K3 (0.04%) with hand K files in primary teeth using spiral computed tomography.J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2014;32:286–91. [DOI] [PubMed]
Setzer FC, Kwon TK, Karabucak B. Comparison of apical transportation between two rotary file systems and two hybrid rotary instrumentation sequences.J Endod. 2010;36:1226–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;32:271–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL Jr. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments.J Endod. 1997;23:77–85. [DOI] [PubMed]
Canoglu H, Tekcicek MU, Cehreli ZC. Comparison of conventional, rotary, and ultrasonic preparation, different final irrigation regimens, and 2 sealers in primary molar root canal therapy.Pediatr Dent. 2006;28:518–23. [PubMed]
Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments.J Endod. 1995;21:146–51. [DOI] [PubMed]
Uzunoglu E, Turker SA. Comparison of Canal Transportation, Centering Ratio by Cone-beam Computed Tomography after Preparation with Different File Systems.J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015;16:360–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fallatah HY, El Sherief SM. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of centering ability and transportation of curved root canals prepared with three rotary nickel-titanium systems (In Vitro-Study).IJS Short Rep. 2018;3:58–64. [DOI]
Türker SA, Uzunoğlu E. Apical root canal transportation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on shaping ability of ProTaper Next.J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7:e392–5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Mazzoni A, Pacifici A, Zanza A, Giudice AD, Reda R, Testarelli L, et al. Assessment of Real-Time Operative Torque during Nickel–Titanium Instrumentation with Different Lubricants.Appl Sci. 2020;10:6201. [DOI]
AbuMostafa A, Alrefaie MM, Abu-Mostafa N, Algahtani FN. Microcomputed tomography analysis of curved root canal preparation when coronal flaring and glide path files used with heat-treated nickel titanium rotary files.PLoS One. 2024;19:e0299896. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hawi N, Pedullà E, La Rosa GRM, Conte G, Nehme W, Neelakantan P. Influence of Coronal Flaring on the Shaping Ability of Two Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Files: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study.J Clin Med. 2023;12:357. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Schäfer E, Zapke K. A comparative scanning electron microscopic investigation of the efficacy of manual and automated instrumentation of root canals.J Endod. 2000;26:660–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Yamamura B, Cox TC, Heddaya B, Flake NM, Johnson JD, Paranjpe A. Comparing canal transportation and centering ability of endosequence and vortex rotary files by using micro-computed tomography.J Endod. 2012;38:1121–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mohammadzade Akhlaghi N, Varshozas M, Khalilak Z, Ghorbanzade M, Mohebbi P. Effect of Final Apical File Size On Residual Dentin Thickness Of Apical Third Of Canal (In Vitro).J Res Dent Sci. 2012;9:20–8.
Garala M, Kuttler S, Hardigan P, Steiner-Carmi R, Dorn S. A comparison of the minimum canal wall thickness remaining following preparation using two nickel-titanium rotary systems.Int Endod J. 2003;36:636–42. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hassan R, Roshdy N, Issa N. Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of Xp Shaper, WaveOne and Oneshape: a cone beam computed tomography study of curved root canals.Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2018;31:67–74. [PubMed]
Ruscitti P, Di Benedetto P, Berardicurti O, Panzera N, Grazia N, Lizzi AR, et al. Pro-inflammatory properties of H-ferritin on human macrophages, ex vivo and in vitro observations.Sci Rep. 2020;10:12232. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kaya S, Yiğit Özer S, Adigüzel Ö, Oruçoğlu H, Değer Y, Tümen EC, et al. Comparison of apical microleakage of dual-curing resin cements with fluid-filtration and dye extraction techniques.Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:937–44. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Freire LG, Gavini G, Branco-Barletta F, Sanches-Cunha R, dos Santos M. Microscopic computerized tomographic evaluation of root canal transportation prepared with twisted or ground nickel-titanium rotary instruments.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112:e143–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fiorillo L, D’Amico C, La Rosa GRM, Calanna F, Pappalardo A, Pedullà E. An Experimental Anatomic CBCT Study on the Correlations Between MB1 and MB2 of the Mesio-Vestibular Root of the Upper First Molars.J Craniofac Surg. 2024;35:672–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Oh S, Moon SY, Chaniotis A, Pedullá E, Al-Ghamdi AS, Al-Ghamdi FA, et al. Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue and Bending Resistance of Coronal Preflaring NiTi File Manufactured with Different Heat Treatments.Appl Sci. 2021;11:7694. [DOI]
Puleio F, Bellezza U, Torre A, Giordano F, Lo Giudice G. Apical Transportation of Apical Foramen by Different NiTi Alloy Systems: A Systematic Review.Appl Sci. 2023;13:10555. [DOI]