Table Info

Table 5.

Association between COVID-19 illness severities with characteristics of the study sample

Parameters		Xerostomia		Taste		Smell
Parameters		No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Age	Mean ± SD	33.00 ± 12.46	38.70 ± 14.63	33.83 ± 12.69	39.99 ± 14.96	33.05 ± 12.43	39.16 ± 14.72
Age	p-value	< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*
Gender: n (%)	Males	101 (28.8%)	250 (71.2%)	169 (48.1%)	182 (51.9%)	134 (38.2%)	217 (61.8%)
	Females	117 (24.6%)	358 (75.4%)	206 (43.4%)	269 (56.6%)	132 (27.8%)	343 (72.2%)
	p-value	0.182		0.173		0.002*
Smoking: n (%)	No	200 (28.6%)	499 (71.4%)	338 (48.4%)	361 (51.6%)	240 (34.3%)	459 (65.7%)
	Yes	18 (14.2%)	109 (85.8%)	37 (29.1%)	90 (70.9%)	26 (20.5%)	101 (79.5%)
	p-value	0.001*		< 0.0001*		0.002*
Medical condition: n (%)	No	185 (29.0%)	454 (71.0%)	314 (49.1%)	325 (50.9%)	229 (35.8%)	410 (64.2%)
	Yes	33 (17.6%)	154 (82.4%)	61 (32.6%)	126 (67.4%)	37 (19.8%)	150 (80.2%)
	p-value	0.002*		< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*
Long-term medication: n (%)	No	172 (29.0%)	421 (71.0%)	295 (49.7%)	298 (50.3%)	216 (36.4%)	377 (63.6%)
	Yes	46 (19.7%)	187 (80.3%)	80 (34.3%)	153 (65.7%)	50 (21.5%)	183 (78.5%)
	p-value	0.007*		< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*
Severity of confirmed COVID-19 illness: n (%)	Mild	120 (54.1%)	102 (45.9%)	162 (73.0%)	60 (27.0%)	124 (55.9%)	98 (44.1%)
	Moderate	91 (21.3%)	337 (78.7%)	186 (43.5%)	242 (56.5%)	128 (29.9%)	300 (70.1%)
	Severe	7 (5.8%)	114 (94.2%)	25 (20.7%)	96 (79.3%)	14 (11.6%)	107 (88.4%)
	Critical	0 (0%)	55 (100%)	2 (3.6%)	53 (96.4%)	0 (0%)	55 (100%)
	p-value	< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*
Time passed since recovery: n (%)	< 6 months	44 (44.4%)	55 (55.6%)	74 (74.7%)	25 (25.3%)	57 (57.6%)	42 (42.4%)
	6 months	91 (38.1%)	148 (61.9%)	137 (57.3%)	102 (42.7%)	93 (38.9%)	146 (61.1%)
	1 year	27 (19.3%)	113 (80.7%)	58 (41.4%)	82 (58.6%)	41 (29.3%)	99 (70.7%)
	2 years	40 (20.9%)	151 (79.1%)	74 (38.7%)	117 (61.3%)	46 (24.1%)	145 (75.9%)
	3 years	16 (10.2%)	141 (89.8%)	32 (20.4%)	125 (79.6%)	29 (18.5%)	128 (81.5%)
	p-value	< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*		< 0.0001*

* Statistically significant difference at p-value < 0.05

Supplementary materials

The supplementary material for this article is available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1001286_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the oral diagnosis specialists for helping us with data collection throughout the study.

Author contributions

DG: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. AAB: Investigation, Visualization. AH: Investigation, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt with approval No. (REC 23-033).

Consent to participate

The procedures were fully explained to the patients, and they signed an informed consent to share their clinical data for scientific purposes.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the oral diagnosis center at The British University in Egypt and restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data, however, is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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