Table Info

Table 2.

Stages of cervical cancer development

Stage	Description	Treatment
Stage 1	Localized disease	Surgery
Stage 2	Cancer spreads to nearby tissues	Surgery, radiation therapy
Stage 3	The cancer spreads further into the pelvis or to lymph nodes	Chemoradiotherapy
Stage 4	Cancer spreads to distant organs	Multimodal therapies (surgery, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy)

Data adapted from references [26, 27]

Declarations

Author contributions

RAA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. BOA: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. ARA: Data curation, Writing—review & editing. MMA: Methodology, Validation, Writing—review & editing. OJO: Project administration, Data validation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. TK: Data curation, Writing—review & editing. BMU: Data curation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

Not applicable.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The authors have not received any funding for this study.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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