Table Info

Table 5.

Showing inter-rater reliability for caries

Cohen’s weighted kappa
Ratings	Weighted kappa^a	Asymptotic			95% Asymptotic confidence interval
Ratings	Weighted kappa^a	Standard error^b	z^c	Sig.	Lower bound	Upper bound
observer 1–observer 2	0.844	0.016	24.649	< 0.001	0.814	0.875
observer 1–observer 3	0.784	0.019	22.818	< 0.001	0.747	0.821
observer 1–observer 4	0.838	0.017	24.389	< 0.001	0.804	0.872
observer 1–AI	0.903	0.013	26.418	< 0.001	0.877	0.928
observer 2–observer 3	0.789	0.020	22.862	< 0.001	0.750	0.827
observer 2–observer 4	0.821	0.019	23.726	< 0.001	0.784	0.858
observer 2–AI	0.903	0.013	26.217	< 0.001	0.877	0.928
observer 3–observer 4	0.787	0.019	22.617	< 0.001	0.748	0.825
observer 3–AI	0.845	0.018	24.510	< 0.001	0.808	0.881
observer 4–AI	0.884	0.016	25.381	< 0.001	0.853	0.916

^a The estimation of the weighted kappa uses linear weights; ^b value does not depend on either null or alternative hypotheses; ^c estimates the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis that weighted kappa is zero. Sig: significance

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the VELMENI, Inc. and to all the readers who have contributed to the study.

Author contributions

SY: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. TC: Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. PRNN and SS: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. PK and SM: Validation, Writing—review & editing. PH: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.

Ethical approval

Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences Institutional Ethical Committee gave ethical approval. IEC Number: (Pr.172/IEC/SIBAR/2022-27/12/2022).

Consent to participate

According to the SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences Institutional Ethical Committee, anonymised and de-identified images do not require patient consent.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly available because of privacy/ethical restriction. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to the corresponding authors.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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