Comparison of the significancea of several functionalities related with the synaptic activity across the three groups analyzed (Younger, Elder, and MCI)
Functionality
Younger
Elder
MCI
Synaptic signaling
23.66
13.48
10.66
Synaptic plasticity regulation
12.58
13.28
5.45
Synaptic organization
12.77
4.51
2.70
Cellular response to serotonin
3.06
2.30
0
Cellular response to catecholamines
6.02
0
0
Cellular response to epinephrine
3.36
0
0
Cellular response to dopamine
3.14
0
0
Cellular response to glycine
2.90
0
0
GABAergic signaling
2.51
0b
1.57
GAP junctions (electrical synapses)
4.31
0
4.44
Glutamatergic synaptic transmissionc
11.35
7.24
3.19
Glutamatergic synaptic transmissiond
18.57
5.43
11.88
Glutamate secretion
2.35
3.19
1.59
NMDAR activation & post-synaptic events
8.30
6.60
4.00
Regulation of NMDAR activation
2.54
2.04
6.05
Retrograde endocannabinoids signaling
1.31
1.79
5.51
CA1-Schaffer collateral synapses
2.62
1.84
3.45
Somato-dendritic compartment
28.41
12.31
8.62
Dendrites
23.22
9.86
8.45
G protein-coupled glutamate receptors
1.88
0
2.36
G protein-coupled receptors
4.31
1.51
1.93
BDNF signaling
10.76
9.14
2.44
CREB1 activation by NMDAR/RAS
1.32
0
0
CREB1 activation by PKA
0
1.32
0
CREB1 activation by CAMKIV
0
1.32
0
MAPK cascade
6.95
3.23
2.57
Trafficking AMPAR
2.27
1.79
1.81
Membrane lipid rafts
8.47
3.34
0
Response to mechanical stimulus
9.00
5.81
1.45
Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)
6.22
5.83
6.32
Long-term synaptic depression (LTD)
3.16
4.24
11.43
LTP: LTD ratio
1.96
1.37
0.55
a The significance is quantified as –log10 (FDR), where FDR is the false discovery rate; b the Elder Group showed a negative regulation of GABAergic signaling (FDR = 4 × 10–2); c based on biological process ontology; d based on cellular component ontology. Note that a zero value denotes a non-significant functionality, as FDR = 1 (For details of the genes involved, see Tables S1–S3)
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not required.
Consent to participate
Not required.
Consent to publication
Not required.
Availability of data and materials
The original microarray data corresponding to the patients were gathered by Berchtold et al. [28, 29], and can be accessed under code GSE11882 in GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). The data generated in this study are available from Supplementary materials associated to the present article.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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