Distribution of EBV, HPV, MMTV, and SV40 positive cases according to clinicopathological features of IBC patients (n = 70)
Features
Totaln (%)
EBV positive
HPV positive
MMTV positive
SV40 positive
n (%)
P-value
n (%)
P-value
n (%)
P-value
n (%)
P-value
Age at diagnosis (years)
< 40
18 (25.71)
12 (66.7)
0.960
5 (27.8)
0.076
16 (88.9)
0.123
6 (33.3)
0.219
≥ 40
52 (74.29)
35 (67.3)
27 (51.9)
35 (67.3)
10 (19.2)
Histological grade
I–II
38 (54.29)
30 (78.9)
0.022*
26 (68.4)
< 0.001*
30 (78.9)
0.212
16 (42.1)
< 0.001*
III
32 (45.71)
17 (53.1)
6 (18.8)
21 (65.6)
0 (0)
Histological type
Invasive ductal
65 (92.86)
45 (69.2)
0.322
30 (46.2)
> 0.99
50 (76.9)
< 0.001*
16 (24.6)
0.207
Invasive lobular
5 (7.14)
2 (40.0)
2 (40.0)
1 (20.0)
0 (0)
Tumor size (in cm)
≤ 5
18 (25.71)
4 (22.2)
< 0.001*
5 (27.8)
0.076
15 (83.3)
0.071
2 (11.1)
0.209
> 5
52 (74.29)
43 (82.7)
27 (51.9)
36 (69.2)
14 (26.9)
Tumor stage
T1–T2
57 (81.43)
45 (78.9)
< 0.001*
21 (36.8)
0.004*
41 (71.9)
> 0.99
13 (22.8)
> 0.99
T3–T4
13 (18.57)
2 (15.4)
11 (84.6)
10 (76.9)
3 (23.1)
Progesterone receptor (PR)
Positive
39 (55.71)
32 (82.1)
0.003*
25 (64.1)
< 0.001*
35 (89.7)
< 0.001*
13 (33.3)
0.023*
Negative
31 (44.29)
15 (48.4)
7 (22.6)
16 (51.6)
3 (9.7)
Estrogen receptor (ER)
Positive
29 (41.43)
26 (89.7)
< 0.001*
13 (44.8)
0.901
13 (44.8)
< 0.001*
7 (24.1)
0.830
Negative
41 (58.57)
21 (51.2)
19 (46.3)
38 (92.7)
9 (22.0)
*P < 0.05 is considered significant. HPV: human papillomavirus; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; MMTV: mouse mammary tumor virus; SV40: Simian virus 40; IBC: invasive breast cancer
Declarations
Acknowledgments
Special acknowledgment for support of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca and Ministry of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Scientific Research in Morocco.
Author contributions
KAT: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Software, Investigation, Project administration, Writing—original draft. AS: Writing—review & editing, Project administration. SAS: Visualization, Validation. KN: Investigation. MB: Resources. MME: Project administration, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco (Reference 3/2018 on 30.04.2018).
Consent to participate
Free and informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in this research and the confidentiality of their personal information was well-respected according to ethical rules.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets generated and/or analyzed in the course of the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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