Symbolic working memory—latency for serial order recall
4-Span (secs)
non-MCI (n = 33)
MCI (n = 24)
Significance
position 1
2.47 (0.93)
3.71 (1.82)
P < 0.001
position 2
1.30 (1.31)
1.81 (0.94)
ns
position 3
1.26 (0.80)
1.95 (1.55)
P = 0.032
position 4
0.64 (0.27)
0.75 (0.28)
ns
5-Span (secs)
non-MCI
MCI
Significance
position 1
2.60 (1.25)
2.57 (1.48)
ns
position 2
1.30 (1.05)
1.49 (0.99)
ns
position 3
1.70 (1.14)
2.21 (2.03)
ns
position 4
1.66 (0.94)
2.34 (1.22)
ns
position 5
1.03 (1.26)
1.33 (1.30)
ns
ns: not significant
Declarations
Author contributions
SE, ML, CCP, SB, VW, EM, RS, GB, & DJL contributed to study concept and manuscript preparation; SE, VW, EM, DJL contributed to data acquisition; SE, ML, SB, VW, EM, GB, DJL contributed to statistical analyses; DJL, GB—funding recipients; All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was conducted consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Funding
The study was funded by New Jersey Health Foundation (ISFP 23-19); Osteopathic Heritage Foundation (2018002166). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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