Observational studies on the relationship between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 rs738409 genotype and kidney function (ordered by publication year and study population)
| Author, Reference | Study characteristics | Diagnosis of NAFLD | PNPLA3 rs738409 genotypes | Glomerular filtration rate formulas | Statistical adjustments | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | ||||||
| Oniki et al. [24] | Cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal studies: 740 and 393 Japanese participants (followed for 5.5 years) respectively, during a health screening program | Utrasonography | G/G: n = 139 patients; G/C: n = 399 patients; C/C: n = 202 patients | Japanese eGFR equation | Age, gender, body mass index; diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver | Carriers of G/G genotype and normal weight had reduced eGFR levels than those with C/C or C/G genotypes |
| Musso et al. [25] | Cross-sectional study: 202 non-obese and non-diabetic individuals (61 with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD) | Biopsy | G/G or G/C: 112 patients; C/C: n = 90 patients | Chronic kidney disease epidemiology (CKD-EPI) collaboration equation | Age, gender, body mass index; metabolic syndrome | Carriers of G/G or C/G genotypes were linked to higher risk of albuminuria and CKD than C/C genotype |
| Mantovani et al. [26] | Cross-sectional study: 101 Caucasian post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes | FLI ≥ 60 (ultrasonography in a subset of patients) | G/G: n = 8 patients; G/C: n = 41 patients; C/C: n = 52 patients | CKD-EPI collaboration equation | Age, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, insulin-resistance, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, FLI | Carriers of G/G genotype had reduced eGFR levels and higher prevalence of CKD than to C/C or C/G genotypes |
| Sun et al. [27] | Cross-sectional study: 227 Chinese patients with NAFLD | biopsy | G/G: n = 14 patients; G/C: n = 31 patients; C/C: n = 30 patients | CKD-EPI collaboration equation | Age, sex, body mass index; waist circumference, hyperuricemia, insulin-resistance, hypertension, diabetes, NASH, liver fibrosis | Patients with NAFLD and normal liver enzymes, who carried the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele, were at higher risk of glomerular and tubular injury |
| Children and adolescents | ||||||
| Targher et al. [28] | Cross-sectional study: 142 Caucasian children and adolescents with NAFLD | Biopsy | G/G: n = 45 patients; G/C: n = 56 patients; C/C: n = 41 patients | Bedside Schwartz equation | Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, measures of adiposity, insulin-resistance, NASH, liver fibrosis | Carriers of G/G genotype had reduced eGFR levels and higher proteinuria than C/C or C/G genotypes |
| Marzuillo et al. [29] | Cross-sectional study: 591 Caucasian obese children | Ultrasonography | G/G: n = 87 patients; G/C: n = 219 patients; C/C: n = 285 patients | Bedside Schwartz equation | Gender, duration of obesity, alanine transaminase, insulin resistance, lipids | Carriers of G/G genotype had reduced eGFR levels than those with C/C or C/G genotypes |
| Di Costanzo et al. [30] | Cross-sectional study: 230 Caucasian overweight/obese children | Magnetic resonance imaging | G/G: n = 22 patients; G/C: n = 100 patients; C/C: n = 108 patients | Bedside Schwartz equation | Age, sex, pubertal status, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD | Carriers of G/G genotype did not have lower eGFR levels than those with C/C or C/G genotypes |
FLI: fatty liver index
