Table Info

Table 4.

ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in AD

Type of evidence (clinical or experimental)	Main finding	References
Human (postmortem human brain tissue from AD patients)	- ACE2 activity was decreased by about 50% - ACE2 reduction strongly associated to increased Aβ and phosphorylated tau levels	Kehoe et al., 2016 [140]
Human (cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients)	- ACE2 increased in association with aging in the control group but not in AD - ACE2 enzyme activity correlated positively with albumin, a marker of blood-brain barrier integrity	Kehoe et al., 2019 [141]
Human (postmortem human brain tissue from AD patients)	- Increased Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio in AD in comparison to age-matched controls	Kehoe et al., 2016 [140]
Human (plasma from AD patients)	- Decreased Ang-(1-7) plasma levels in AD compared with matched controls - Ang-(1-7) plasma levels were positively correlated to cognitive performance	Jiang et al., 2016 [143]
Animal (mouse model of sporadic AD)	- Reduced Ang-(1-7) levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus during disease progression - Ang-(1-7) levels had a negative correlation with hyperphosphorylated tau	Jiang et al., 2016 [144]
Animal (established transgenic APP mouse model, Tg2576 mice)	- Enhancement of brain ACE2 activity lowered hippocampal Aβ and improved cognition - ACE2 enhancement restored hippocampal MasR levels	Evans et al., 2019 [142]

Declarations

Author contributions

NLRM wrote the first draft of the manuscript; AMP wrote sections of the manuscript; MMG conceived the idea, wrote sections of the manuscript and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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