Table Info

Table 5.

ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis on stress behavior and anxiety

Central area	Animal model	Main effects	Reference
Cerebral ventricles	Ang-(1-7) acute injection to rats	- First evidence of an anxiolytic action of Ang-(1-7)	Holy et al., 1992 [146]
	TGR(ASrAOGEN)680R rats (rats with low brain AGT, expressing an antisense RNA against AGT in glial cells)	- Ang-(1-7) acute injection prevented the anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in transgenic rats	Kangussu et al., 2013 [104]
	Conscious male Wistar rats with induced tachycardia by acute stress (air jet 10 l/min)	- Ang-(1-7) acute injection decreased by ~45% the tachycardia induced by emotional stress	Lima et al., 2013 [83]
	Transgenic hypertensive (mRen2)27 rats	- Ang-(1-7) infusion promoted anxiolytic effects - Beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) were mediated by MasR	Almeida Santos et al. 2016 [147]
	C57BL/6 mice with enhanced ACE2 activity by central delivery of diminazene aceturate (ACE2 activator)	- ACE2 activation reduced anxiety-like behavior - Beneficial effects of ACE2 activation were mediated by MasR	Wang et al. 2016 [149]
Amygdala	Adult male Wistar rats	- Ang-(1-7) acute injection induced anxiolytic effects - Ang-(1-7) increased GPx specific activity and decreased the main peroxidation marker MDA - The majority of the behavioral parameters correlated with markers of oxidative stress	Bild et al., 2013 [145]
Amygdala	Wistar rats submitted to stress trials	- Ang-(1-7) prevented the tachycardia and the pressor response induced by acute stress - Beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) were mediated by MasR	Oscar et al., 2015 [121]
Hippocampus	Mas^–/– mice	- Mas-deficient animals showed increased anxiety	Walther et al., 1998 [148]

GPx: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde

Declarations

Author contributions

NLRM wrote the first draft of the manuscript; AMP wrote sections of the manuscript; MMG conceived the idea, wrote sections of the manuscript and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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