Androgen and growth hormone-STAT5b axis role in sexual dimorphism of NAFLD
Male
Effect(s)
Female
Effect(s)
↓ Levels of androgen
Associated with insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and NAFLD
↑ Levels of androgen
Associated with the features of metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and severe fibrosis
STAT5b-knockout male mice
Postnatal growth-retardation;obesity;↑ hepatic steatosis;↑ PPARγ;enhance insulin sensitivity to further increase lipogenesis
STAT5b-knockout female mice
Near-normal postnatal growth
STAT5b inactivity in human
Obesity
----
----
Testosterone deficiency
↓ STAT5b
----
----
↑ increased; ↓ decreased; ---- sex-balanced studies not available
Declarations
Author contributions
NCS; PJG; CT and NR contributed conception and design of the review and in the writing of the different sections of the review. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Funding
NCS is funded by the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), Philippines; PJG is supported by Post-doctoral Fellowships 2020 from Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Italy; NR is funded by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trieste (CRTrieste) and by Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS.
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