Associated with/predisposing to incident metabolic syndrome
Secondary NAFLD
Nutritional disorders
total parenteral nutrition, acute starvation
Abdominal surgery
extensive small bowel resection bilio-pancreatic diversion, jejunal by-pass
Drug-induced
diltiazem, aspirin, methotrexate, highly active antiretroviral therapy (stavudine and zidovudine)
Occupational exposure to organic solvents
(Rare) Metabolic disorders
hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipodystrophy, Weber-Christian syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Reyes syndrome and Mauriac syndrome
VAFLD
HIV, HCV
Common endocrine disorders
Hypothyroidism, hypogonadism in either sex, GH deficiency, PCOS
Note. Reprinted from “Renaming NAFLD to MAFLD: could the LDE system assist in this transition?” by Lonardo A. J Clin Med. 2021;10:492 (https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030492). CC BY.
Declarations
Acknowledgment
I am indebted to my wife, Jacqueline Mole, for editing English carefully.
Author contributions
The author contributed solely to the work.
Conflicts of interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
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