Research agenda of selected topics on precision medicine approaches to NAFLD

Diagnostic and physiopathological characterizationRef.
Non-invasiveBiomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status[26, 27]
Lipid signature including lysophospholipids, bile acids and biomarkers of subtypes of deranged lipid metabolism[28–30]
miRNAs[31]
Identification of metabolite biomarkers[32]
Intestinal microbiome-based personalized approaches can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for NAFLD diagnosis and staging,[33]
Based on analysis of liver samplesMulti-omics integrative study of liver tissue-specific genes, processes, and networks[34]
Identification of patient-specific activation of morphogenic pathways known to affect zonal development and maintenance, and nuclear hormone receptors downstream of potential NASH therapeutics[35]
ManagementPersonalized diet and physical activity/exercise[36]
Personalized restoration of the intestinal ecosystem with engineered bacterial strains that produce anti-inflammatory peptides, or beneficial antioxidants, or drugs that either inhibit or mimic specific bacterial enzymes; fecal microbiota transplantation[36–38]
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells[39]
Antisense oligonucleotides to target mature miRNAs to reduce their biologic effect, as well as the use of viral vectors to deliver miRNA erasers, which would bind miRNA targets competitively but without producing the biological effect[31, 40]
Pharmacogenomics[41]
Targeting of the signaling controls of key genes implicated in the development of NAFLD[40, 42]