Table Info

Table 4.

Clinical efficacy of natural products

Herb/formula	Type of study	Patients	Treatment	Efficacy outcome	Adverse effects	Reference
Gynura pseudochina var. hispida Thv.	Randomized, positive-controlled	n = 25 Mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis	Topical 4 weeks	Significant decrease in scaling scores, epidermal thickness, NF-κB p65, and Ki-67 expression	No laboratory abnormalities	[113]
Indigo naturalis	Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled	n = 24 Moderate psoriasis	Topical 8 weeks	Significant reduction in PASI scores compared with placebo	Not evaluated	[112]
Liang xue huo xue (Radix Rehmanniae, Sophora flower, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rhizoma Imperatae, puccoon, red peony, Caulis Spatholobi)	Multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	n = 50 Blood heat syndrome psoriasis	Oral 6 weeks	Significant reduction in PASI scores and serum IL-17 level compared with placebo	No abnormal vital signs	[120]
Liangxue Jiedu (Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae, Flos Sophorae, Radix Lithospermi, Rhizoma Paridis, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Dictamni Radicis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Flos Lonicerae, Rhizoma Imperatae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)	Multicenter, randomized, controlled	n = 247 Blood heat type psoriasis	Oral 8 weeks	Significant improvement in skin lesions and symptoms compared with Western medicine treatment	No significant abnormalities	[124]
Pulian (Phellodendron amurense, Scutellaria baicalensis)	Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	n = 300 Blood heat syndrome psoriasis	Topical 4 weeks	Significant reduction in PASI scores compared with placebo	No adverse event	[119]
Sea buckthorn	Single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized	n = 10 PASI score: 1–12	Topical 4 weeks	Significant improvement in PASI scores and DLQI scores compared with placebo	Not evaluated	[110]
Shi Du Ruan Gao (Indigo naturalis, Cortex Phellodendri, Gypsum fibrosum preparatum, Calamine, Galla chinensis)	Single-center, randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled	n = 100 Mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis	Topical 8 weeks	Significant improvement in the TSS, IGA, and Global Subjects’ Assessment of treatment compared with placebo	No severe adverse events	[118]
St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)	Single-blind, placebo-controlled	n = 10 Symmetrical plaque-type psoriasis	Topical 4 weeks	Significant reduction in PASI scores compared with placebo	Not evaluated	[111]
Yinxieling (Radix Rehmanniae recen, Angelica sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Ligusticum wallichii, Lithospermi radix, Curcuma zedoaria Chloranthus spicatus, Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae, smoked plum, liquorice)	Randomized controlled	n = 120	Oral 8 weeks	Significant reduction in PASI scores and serum level of TNF-α and IL-8 compared with placebo	Not evaluated	[121]

DLQI: dermatology life quality index; IGA: investigator global assessment; TSS: total severity score

Declarations

Author contributions

The author contributed solely to the work.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

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Consent to publication

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Availability of data and materials

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Funding

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Copyright

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