Table Info

Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of cell immortalization methods

Cell immortalization methods	Advantages	Disadvantages
Transfection with viral oncogenes [33, 37]	-Easy to use (high efficiency); -No alteration of cellular gene profile; -Maintained genome stability, and potential for differentiation.	It may lead to genome instability, changes in phenotypic and genetic characteristics of primary cells, and sometimes to oncogenicity.
Exogenous induction of hTERT [27, 38]	Effective and widely used method.	Similar to transfection with viral oncogenes.
Irradiated (inactivated) mouse fibroblasts [32]	Prolonged expansion of primary cells.	Cellular senescence after several passages.
Inhibition of ROCK [35]	Cell protection from apoptosis, accelerated recovery after cryopreservation.	Cellular senescence after several passages.

hTERT: human telomerase reverse transcriptase; ROCK: Rho-associated protein kinase

Declarations

Author contributions

VVP: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ZEG, SSI, AAR, and VVS: Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This paper has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant [21-74-10021]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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