Potential aids of immunopeptidomics to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies

ImmunotherapyLimitation and drawbacksPotential immunopeptidomics aids
Peptide-based cancer vaccinesThe diversity of MHC genetics and binding of antigenic peptides must be specific, the binding, consequently, can elicit the T-cell response [73].Design of synthetic peptides directly from patients [74].
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsLow neoantigen burden, low expression of immune checkpoint, and MHC deficiency may reduce the efficacy. Prediction of neoantigen uses only WES, which does not exactly correlate with pMHC [75].Combination the treatment with personalized peptide-based vaccines or other cancer treatments and use of immunopeptidome for predictive biomarkers [76].
Oncolytic virusesDifficulties in delivering the viral particles to the tumors, viral tropism targeting to the tumor, defense of cancer innate immune, OVs cannot sufficiently elicit T-cell response because of tumor heterogeneity [77, 78]. Identification of personalized pMHC and coat on OV capsid with personalized antigenic peptides for incline elicit T-cell response [41].
Chimeric T-cells (CAR T-cell)CAR cannot recognize neoantigens derived intracellular mutated proteins [50].Increase of CAR to visualize neoantigens intracellular proteins by discovery of personalized MHC ligandome [48].

WES: whole exome sequencing