Table Info

Table 1.

Circulating immune cells and association with outcomes to immunotherapy in RCC

Candidate biomarker	References	Year	Country	N	Tumor	Type of systemic therapy	Parameter level/trend indicator	Detection technique	Timepoint	Findings
Unswitched memory B cells	Carril-Ajuria et al. [28]	2022	France	44	ccRCC	Nivolumab	High	Flow cytometry	Pretreatment	Improved ORR, PFS and OS
B cells	Yuan et al. [31]	2020	China	78, 12 RCC	Pan-tumor Renal carcinoma (n = 12, 15.19%)	ICI	High	Flow cytometry	Pretreatment	Decreased OPR Increased PD
Naive B cells	Barth et al. [32]	2022	Austria	45, 7 RCC	Pan-tumor	ICI	Increase	Flow cytometry	Pretreatment	No significant association, neither with DCR or ORR
Switched memory B cells	Barth et al. [32]	2022	Austria	45, 7 RCC	Pan-tumor	ICI	Increase	Flow cytometry	On-treatment changes	Improved DCR Reduced DCR
CD8, CD4⁺PD-L1⁺ T cells	Saliby et al. [33]	2023	US	60	Variant RCC	Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab	Large decrease	Flow cytometry	On-treatment changes	Worse PFS and OS

ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma; DCR: disease control rate; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitors; ORR: objective response rate; OS: overall survival; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; SD: stable disease; US: United States

Declarations

Author contributions

LO: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. MN: Visualization. RF, JGD, JPF, DN, CA, AAS, NC, GdV, and LA: Writing—review & editing. LCA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft.

Conflicts of interest

RF: Honoraria: Bayer, Astellas, Janssen, BMS, MSD, Ipsen, Pfizer, Merck, Astra Zeneca. NC has provided expertise through participation in scientific advisory boards to AstraZeneca and to Servier and received a research grant from Cytune Pharma, Roche, and Sanofi, although these grants were not on the matter of this manuscript. GdV: grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Roche, and Ipsen; and personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, Janssen, Bayer, Merck, and MSD. LA: Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas Pharma (Inst), Bristol:Myers Squibb (Inst), Eisai (Inst), Ipsen (Inst), Janssen (Inst), MSD (Inst), Pfizer (Inst), Roche (Inst). Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: BMS, Ipsen, MSD. LCA: Travel/accomodation: Pfizer, Ipsen, BMS. Honoraria: Ipsen, Janssen. The rest of authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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