Table Info

Table 1.

ncRNAs: types, average nucleotide (nt) lengths, and key functions

Class		Type	Length (nt)	Function
Housekeeping ncRNAs		Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)	> 1,500	Protein synthesis
		Transfer RNA (tRNA)	76–90	Protein synthesis
		Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)	100–300	RNA processing
		Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)	60–200	Pre-mRNA processing
Regulatory ncRNAs	Short ncRNAs (< 200 nt)	MicroRNA (miRNA)	18–22	Protein translation regulation
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA)	20–25	Post-translation mRNA regulation; antiviral defense
		Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)	26–31	Silencing of transposable elements
	Long ncRNAs (> 200 nt)	Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs)	~ 1 kb	Spatiotemporal gene expression (cell differentiation); modification of 3D chromatin architecture; protein scaffolding; miRNA sponging
	Long ncRNAs (> 200 nt)	Circular RNA (circRNA)	100–999	miRNA sponging; protein scaffolding; gene expression (cell/tissue development)

3D: three-dimensional; ncRNAs: noncoding RNAs

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Author contributions

AS: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

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