Table Info

Table 1.

Biomarker-tailored and biomarker-independent therapies for immune oncology drugs

Tumor type	PD-1 inhibitors			PD-L1 inhibitors
Tumor type	Pembrolizumab	Nivolumab	Dostarlimab	Atezolizumab	Avelumab	Durvalumab
Biomarker-tailored therapies for metastatic or unresectable disease
NSCLC without ALK/EGFR alterations, 1st line	Single-agent, ≥ 1% PD-L1 positive tumor cells	In combination with ipilimumab, ≥ 1% PD-L1 positive tumor cells	-	Single-agent, ≥ 50% PD-L1 positive tumor cells, or PD-L1 positive immune cells covering ≥ 10% of the tumor area	-	-
NSCLC without ALK/EGFR alterations, previously treated	Single-agent, ≥ 1% PD-L1 positive tumor cells	-	-	-	-	-
HNSCC, 1st line	Single-agent, CPS ≥ 1	-	-	-	-	-
Triple-negative breast carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with chemotherapy, CPS ≥ 10	-	-	-	-	-
Esophageal carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent, CPS ≥ 10	-	-	-	-	-
Gastric carcinoma, HER2-positive, 1st line	In combination with trastuzumab, platinum and fluoropyrimidines, CPS ≥ 1	-	-	-	-	-
Gastric carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent, CPS ≥ 1	-	-	-	-	-
Urothelial carcinoma, cisplatin-ineligible	Single-agent, CPS ≥ 10	-	-	Single-agent, PD-L1 positive immune cells covering ≥ 5% of the tumor area	-	-
Cervical carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with chemotherapy, CPS ≥ 1	-	-	-	-	-
Colorectal carcinoma, 1st line	Single-agent, MSI-H/dMMR	-	-	-	-	-
Colorectal carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent, MSI-H/dMMR	Single-agent or in combination with ipilimumab, MSI-H/dMMR	-	-	-	-
Endometrial carcinoma, 1st line	-	-	In combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, following by single-agent, dMMR or MSI-H	-	-	In combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, following by single-agent, dMMR
Endometrial carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent, MSI-H/dMMR	-	Single-agent, dMMR	-	-	-
All tumor types (agnostic), previously treated	Single-agent, MSI-H/dMMR	-	Single-agent, dMMR	-	-	-
All tumor types (agnostic), previously treated	Single-agent, high TMB (≥ 10 mutations per megabase)	-	-	-	-	-
Biomarker-independent therapies for metastatic or unresectable disease
Melanoma	Single-agent	Single-agent or in combination with ipilimumab or relatlimab	-	In combination with vemurafenib and cobimetinib for BRAF V600 mutated melanoma	-	-
NSCLC without ALK/EGFR alterations, 1st line	Non-squamous: in combination with pemetrexed and platinum; squamous: in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel	In combination with ipilimumab and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet	-	In combination with chemotherapy and bevacizumab	-	In combination with tremelimumab-actl and platinum
NSCLC, previously treated	-	Single-agent	-	Single-agent	-	-
NSCLC, stage III, after chemo- and radiotherapy	-	-	-	-	-	Single-agent
SCLC, 1st line	-	-	-	In combination with carboplatin and etoposide	-	In combination with platinum and etoposide
SCLC, previously treated	Single-agent	-	-	-	-	-
Malignant pleural mesothelioma, 1st line	-	In combination with ipilimumab	-	-	-	-
HNSCC, 1st line	In combination with platinum and FU	-	-	-	-	-
HNSCC, previously treated	Single-agent	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Esophageal carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidines	In combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidines, or in combination with ipilimumab	-	-	-	-
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, previously treated	-	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Gastric carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidines	In combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidines	-	-	-	-
Biliary tract carcinoma	In combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin	-	-	-	-	In combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin
Urothelial carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with enfortumab vedotin	-	-	-	-	-
Urothelial carcinoma, platinum-ineligible	Single-agent	-	-	Single-agent	-	-
Urothelial carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent	Single-agent	-	-	Single-agent	-
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma, previously treated	Single-agent	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma	Single-agent	-	-	-	-	-
Hepatocellular carcinoma, 1st line	-	-	-	In combination with bevacizumab	-	In combination with tremelimumab-actl
Hepatocellular carcinoma, previously treated	Single-agent	In combination with ipilimumab	-	-	-	-
Merkel cell carcinoma	Single-agent	-	-	-	Single-agent	-
Renal cell carcinoma, 1st line	In combination with axitinib or lenvatinib	In combination with ipilimumab or cabozantinib	-	-	In combination with axitinib	-
Renal cell carcinoma, previously treated	-	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Endometrial carcinoma, without MSI-H/dMMR, previously treated	In combination with lenvatinib	-	-	-	-	-
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma	Single-agent	-	-	-	-	-
Alveolar soft part sarcoma	-	-	-	Single-agent	-	-
Neoadjuvant therapy
NSCLC	In combination with platinum containing chemotherapy	In combination with platinum doublet	-	-	-	-
Triple-negative breast cancer	In combination with chemotherapy	-	-	-	-	-
Adjuvant therapy
Melanoma	Single-agent	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Urothelial carcinoma	-	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
Esophageal carcinoma	-	Single-agent	-	-	-	-
NSCLC	Single-agent	-	-	Single-agent, ≥ 1% PD-L1 positive tumor cells	-	-
Renal cell carcinoma	Single-agent	-	-	-	-	-

CPS: combined positive score; dMMR: deficiency in mismatch DNA repair; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; MSI-H: high-level microsatellite instability; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; SCLC: small-cell lung cancer; TMB: tumor mutation burden; FU: fluorouracil

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We are cordially thankful to Prof. William R. Miller (University of Edinburgh, UK) for his invaluable help in improving this manuscript and Dr. Ekaterina Sh. Kuligina (N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Russia) for her help in preparation of the figure.

Author contributions

ENI: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. EVP: Investigation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. NVM: Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number [24-45-02035]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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