Vitamin D levels and risk of death in healthy older adults and in patients
| Condition | Age/years old | Study | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy older adults: women | 70–79 | Six-year follow-up | Vitamin D levels ≤ 15.3 ng/mL—higher risk of all-cause mortality | [59] |
| Healthy older adults: women/men | Mean 85 | Three-year follow-up | Vitamin D levels 14 ng/mL to 33.4 ng/mL not associated with higher risk of overall or cardiovascular mortality | [60] |
| Healthy adults: women/men | 53–73 | Follow-up of 9.8 years | Vitamin D levels: 8.9 nmol/L to 33.8 nmol/L presented 2.6-fold higher risk of hospitalization by pneumonia | [67] |
| Healthy older adults: women/men | 64 ± 12 | Follow-up of 9.5 years | Vitamin D levels < 54 pg/mL: increased risk for all-cause of death and for cardiovascular and respiratory infection deaths | [52] |
| Pneumonia patients | 16–97 | 30 days hospital admission | Vitamin D levels <30 ng/L: higher mortality | [69] |
| Sepsis patients | Mean 66 | 30 days hospital admission | Severe sepsis patients with lower vitamin D levels (15.7 nmol/L) presented a correlation with positive bacteria growth and death | [68] |
| Sepsis/septic shock patients | Mean 66 | 30 days hospital admission | Vitamin D levels < 7 ng/L: sepsis-related mortality; severe deficiency in pneumonia and septic shock: mechanical ventilation and prolonged vasopressor support | [70] |
| Intensive care unit (ICU)/sepsis | Mean 54 | Hospital admission | Lower levels of 25OH and LL-37 than controls | [71] |
