Table Info

Table 2.

Cytokine profile results between matched severe P. falciparum malaria, uncomplicated malaria, and healthy control

Cytokine	Severe malaria Median (range)	P-value^a	Uncomplicated malaria Median (range)	P-value^b	Control Median (range)	P-value^c
IL-6 (pg/mL)	29.0 (26.0–214.0)	< 0.001^**	25.0 (17.0–222.0)	0.338	5.50 (3.75–7.0)	< 0.001^**
IL-8 (pg/mL)	21.98 (11.64–134.73)	< 0.001^**	11.29 (9.02–17.32)	0.001^*	4.0 (2.0–5.25)	< 0.001^**
IL-10 (pg/mL)	18.0 (10.0–35.0)	< 0.001^**	14.0 (10.0–18.0)	0.106	6.50 (4.0–9.0)	< 0.001^**
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	1,117.0 (1,011.0–327.0)	< 0.001^**	1,014.0 (817.0–1,039.0)	0.007^*	4.0 (3.0–6.0)	< 0.001^**
TNF-β (pg/mL)	15.0 (10.0–159.0)	< 0.001^**	9.0 (7.0–19.0)	0.027^*	2.0 (1.0–3.25)	< 0.001^**

^* Significant value as determined by Mann-Whitney rank sum analysis with a level of significance set at P < 0.05; ^** highly significant different P < 0.001; ^a severe versus healthy; ^b severe versus uncomplicated; ^c uncomplicated versus healthy

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We send special thanks and appreciation to the National Health Insurance Authority in the White and Blue Nile states for conducting this study in their facilities. Additionally, we thank also the laboratory staff and nurses in National Health Insurance treating centers for their kind help and cooperation. And we wish to express our gratitude to Mr. Mohamed Bala and Dr. Abu Baker M. Alkinani for their expert technical assistance.

Author contributions

DAA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. M Hussein: Investigation, Validation. M Hassan: Investigation, Validation. AGE: Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft. MME: Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Research and Medical Ethics Committee at Alzaiem Alazhari University, and the Federal Ministry of Health under the Research approval record (MH.CR 2021, M.E.R03021-RN001), and complies with the Helsinki Declaration.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants and parents or guardians of children.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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