Table Info

Table 1.

Some pathophysiological contexts favoring the development of autoantibodies

Inducing cause	Pro-thrombotic autoantibody generated
Drug-induced Heparin Protamine sulfate Quinine Substitutive therapy	Anti-HPF4, anti-PF4 antibodies Anti-protamine sulfate antibodies (Plt activation) Anti-GP1b-IX (Plt activation, thrombocytopenia) Anti-FVIII, anti-FIX
Infectious diseases Varicella Adenovirus Pharyngeal infection Herpes, megalovirus, EBV infections, etc.	Anti-PS, LA Anti-PT, LA Anti-PF4 Anti-GP-IIb-IIIa, GPVI, GP1b-IX-V, etc.
Degenerative disease Malignancy Others	LA Anti-β2GP1 Anti-PT Anti-annexin V Anti-FXIII Anti-FVIII, anti-vWF, etc. Others
Various pathological conditions Inflammation, NETs	ANCAs Anti-cytokines Anti-interferon Others
Chemicals Environmental pollution Chemicals	LA, anti-β2GP1 Anti-FXIII Others
Physiological conditions Ageing Genetic predisposition	Miscellaneous

Inducing cause

Pro-thrombotic autoantibody generated

Drug-induced

Heparin

Protamine sulfate

Quinine

Substitutive therapy

Anti-HPF4, anti-PF4 antibodies

Anti-protamine sulfate antibodies (Plt activation)

Anti-GP1b-IX (Plt activation, thrombocytopenia)

Anti-FVIII, anti-FIX

Infectious diseases

Varicella

Adenovirus

Pharyngeal infection

Herpes, megalovirus, EBV infections, etc.

Anti-PS, LA

Anti-PT, LA

Anti-PF4

Anti-GP-IIb-IIIa, GPVI, GP1b-IX-V, etc.

Degenerative disease

Malignancy

Others

Anti-β2GP1

Anti-PT

Anti-annexin V

Anti-FXIII

Anti-FVIII, anti-vWF, etc.

Others

Various pathological conditions

Inflammation, NETs

ANCAs

Anti-cytokines

Anti-interferon

Others

Chemicals

Environmental pollution

Chemicals

LA, anti-β2GP1

Anti-FXIII

Others

Physiological conditions

Ageing

Genetic predisposition

Miscellaneous

ANCAs: anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; anti-GP1b-IX: anti-glycoprotein 1b-IX; anti-PT: anti-prothrombin; anti-FVIII: anti-factor VIII; anti-HPF4: anti-heparin-Plt factor 4 (PF4) complexes; EBV: Epstein Barr virus; LA: lupus anticoagulant; NETs: neutrophil extravascular traps; PS: protein S; vWF: von Willebrand factor

Declarations

Author contributions

JA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

JA is consultant for HYPHEN BioMed SAS.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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