Table Info

Table 2.

Major reported autoantibodies, inducing bleeding complications, and their laboratory interference

Targeted autoantigen	Clinical context	Biological effect	Interference in laboratory assays
PT	Bleeding, bruise, peripheral thrombosis	Accelerated FII clearance, inhibition of coagulation cascade	LA, apparent FII, V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII deficiencies
FV	Severe bleeding (ultra-rare; association with antibiotics)	Decreased FV activity, coagulation cascade inhibition	LA, apparent FV, VII, IX, X, XI, XII deficiencies
FVII	Asymptomatic to severe bleeding (ultra-rare)	FVII inhibition	Prolonged PT, FVII deficiency
FVIII	Severe recurrent hemorrhages (frequent in hemophilia A)	FVIII inhibition	Prolonged APTT and mixing tests, FVIII deficiency
FIX	Severe bleeding (can occur in hemophilia B)	FIX inhibition	Prolonged APTT and mixing tests, FIX deficiency
FX	Ultra-rare, bruise	FX inhibition	Prolonged APTT, FX deficiency
FXIII	Delayed bleeding (can be fatal)	Delayed bleeding, intracranial hemorrhages	Decreased FXIII activity, variable FXIII-A antigen
AT	Enhanced AT activity, bleeding tendency	“Heparin-like” behavior enhances AT activity	Prolonged thrombin time
vWF	Severe bleeding	Reduced Plt adhesiveness	Decreased vWF activity (collagen binding)
GP-IIb-IIIa	Thrombocytopenia, bruise, bleeding	ITP	MAIPA assay, Plt count, flow cytometry
GP1b-IX	Thrombocytopenia, bruise, bleeding	ITP	MAIPA assay, Plt count, flow cytometry
GPVI	Bruise, bleeding	ITP	MAIPA assay, Plt count, flow cytometry

APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; AT: antithrombin; ITP: immune thrombocytopenic purpura; MAIPA: monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of Plt antigens

Declarations

Author contributions

JA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

JA is consultant for HYPHEN BioMed SAS.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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