Table Info

Table 1.

Different cell types secrete different cytokines at different stages of wound healing

Phase in wound healing	Cytokine	Cell type	Reference(s)
Hemostasis	PDGF, TGF-β, IGF	Platelet	[2, 26, 27]
Inflammation	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ	M1 macrophages	[28, 29]
Inflammation	TGF-β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13	T lymphocytes	[16, 26, 30, 31]
Proliferation	IL-10, VEGF, TGF-β, FGF, EGF, MMP-9	M2 macrophages	[28, 32, 33]
Proliferation remodeling	MMPs, KGF, IL-6, IGF	Fibroblast	[27, 34]
Proliferation remodeling	VEGF, TGF-α	Malpighian cell	[26, 35]

PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF: transforming growth factor; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; KGF: keratinocyte growth factor

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the funding support from Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Scientific Research Program of FuRong Laboratory, and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province.

Author contributions

XZ: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft. HHW: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. TW, XF, TZ, RQ, and YW: Writing—original draft. MW, YZ, ML, NC, and YG: Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The study was supported by the Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health [2022539200340039]; the National Natural Science Foundation of China [22177030]; the Scientific Research Program of FuRong Laboratory [2023SK2104]; and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China [2023JJ40814]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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