Table Info

Table 4.

Differences in the serum concentrations of cytokines and chemokines between HCs and PSOs

			HCs (mean ± SD; ng/L)	PSOs (mean ± SD; ng/L)
Pro-inflammatory	sCD40L		25.28 ± 16.06	27.72 ± 21.33
	EGF		38.45 ± 36.81	59.11 ± 73.34
	Eotaxin		96.79 ± 33.93	105.2 ± 46.51
	FGF-2	▲	34.57 ± 18.30	38.95 ± 76.69	*
	FLT-3L	▲	1.35 ± 1.55	4.95 ± 4.75	***
	Fractalkine		59.78 ± 30.74	57.96 ± 41.50
	G-CSF		9.46 ± 13.58	19.09 ± 70.55
	GM-CSF		2.26 ± 1.63	2.57 ± 2.27
	GRO-α		20.93 ± 20.60	17.03 ± 12.66
	IFN-α2	▲	8.08 ± 2.18	8.86 ± 12.07	**
	IFN-γ		1.60 ± 2.21	3.75 ± 7.57
	IL-1α	▲	4.86 ± 2.08	8.32 ± 21.86	**
	IL-1β		3.31 ± 7.82	3.99 ± 8.81
	IL-2	▲	0.65 ± 0.27	0.79 ± 1.56	**
	IL-4		1.57 ± 1.36	1.44 ± 1.37
	IL-5	▲	0.65 ± 0.70	1.49 ± 2.67	*
	IL-6		1.44 ± 2.89	5.52 ± 18.83
	IL-7		10.12 ± 9.19	12.82 ± 30.87
	IL-8		7.88 ± 2.35	9.46 ± 10.80
	IL-9	▲	4.92 ± 6.92	10.21 ± 9.85	**
	IL-12p40		27.75 ± 19.19	46.22 ± 81.55
	IL-12p70		3.39 ± 1.33	4.25 ± 5.20
	IL-13		8.86 ± 8.28	8.08 ± 8.49
	IL-15		2.93 ± 0.93	4.40 ± 4.64
	IL-17A	▲	1.45 ± 0.91	3.05 ± 10.24	*
	IL-17E/IL-25		143.8 ± 120.4	164.6 ± 152.8
	IL-17F	▽	31.18 ± 3.79	22.04 ± 22.40	***
	IL-18		22.70 ± 13.75	21.67 ± 18.09
	IL-22		39.42 ± 51.27	39.82 ± 44.67
	IL-27		1082 ± 519.6	1282 ± 914.5
	IP-10	▽	219.1 ± 122.3	123.4 ± 76.86	***
	MCP-1	▲	335.3 ± 70.54	392.5 ± 126.7	*
	MCP-3		10.88 ± 6.72	10.73 ± 6.82
	MDC	▲	490.4 ± 154.2	663.0 ± 367.4	**
	MIG		1764 ± 1250	1812 ± 1484
	MIP-1α		6.06 ± 4.95	10.61 ± 13.38
	MIP-1β		32.66 ± 14.50	34.28 ± 18.96
	PDGF-AA		2807 ± 915.6	2847 ± 947.0
	PDGF-AB/BB		29323 ± 50067	11958 ± 18352
	TGF-α	▲	2.60 ± 2.86	7.41 ± 11.23	***
	TNF-α		25.08 ± 15.16	26.51 ± 16.05
	TNF-β		3.99 ± 3.91	3.53 ± 3.30
	VEGF-α		267.8 ± 181.9	271.0 ± 170.8
Anti-inflammatory	IL-1RA		3.23 ± 2.06	6.09 ± 12.64
Anti-inflammatory	IL-10		2.42 ± 2.52	10.22 ± 52.99

P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01;^***P < 0.001 vs. HCs

▲/▽

: significantly higher/lower in PSOs than in the HCs

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mrs. Kayoko Tanaka for assisting data collection.

Author contributions

Seishima M and KS contributed conception and design of the study; RS and YY performed the experiments; KF and YM organized the database; Sakurai M and YY performed the statistical analysis; Seishima M wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine (2018–1949).

Consent to participate

The informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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