Physiological and exercise performance assessments at pre- and post-training intervention
Evaluations
A16
U16
Pre-training
Post-training
Pre-training
Post-training
Anthropometrics
Age (yrs)
17.3 ± 0.8#
17.5 ± 0.8#
15.5 ± 0.3
15.7 ± 0.3
Training age
10.5 ± 1.0#
8.8 ± 0.7
Tanner maturation
5 ± 0#
4.5 ± 0.5
Height (cm)
1.74 ± 0.06
1.74 ± 0.06
1.74 ± 0.06
1.75 ± 0.06*
Weight (kg)
67.8 ± 7
66 ± 6.7*
67 ± 6
67.3 ± 6
BMI (kg·m-2)
22.5 ± 1.3
21.8 ± 1.3*
22.1 ± 1.9
22.2 ± 1.8
Body fat (%)
10.6 ± 2.9
9.1 ± 2.4*
9.1 ± 1.9
8.3 ± 2.0*
Physiological and fitness evaluations
Systolic BP
122 ± 6
120 ± 8
120 ± 4
120 ± 5
Diastolic BP
73.2 ± 5
72.1 ± 6
71.2 ± 5
73 ± 5
HR rest (beats/min)
67 ± 9
62 ± 6*
71 ± 6
65 ± 6*
Flexibility (cm)
22.3 ± 8
24.4 ± 7*
23.8 ± 5
26.7 ± 5*
VO2max (mL·kg-1·min-1)
54.2 ± 3.9
56.9 ± 3.2*
52.8 ± 3.8
54.3 ± 3.6*
Standing long-jump (cm)
227 ± 13#
238 ± 12*#
216 ± 14
220 ± 16*
Sit-ups (rep/min)
49 ± 5#
55 ± 4*#
43 ± 8
48 ± 7*
Push-ups (rep/min)
43 ± 10#
46 ± 1*#
35 ± 9
41 ± 8*
BP: blood pressure; MHR: Maximum heart rate; VO2max: maximum oxygen consumption. # Statistical differences between A16 and U16 (P < 0.05); * statistical difference over-time, between pre- and post-training (P < 0.05)
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the coaching teams’ members for their excellent collaboration and support throughout the study period. The excellent cooperation of the participants and their parents is strongly appreciated.
Author contributions
MH: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration. EC and NZ: Data curation, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study conforms with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki, 1964) and it was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (REC-010712).
Consent to participate
Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained prior to any assessment from all participants and their parents.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
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