Table Info

Table 2.

The statistical significance of differences between the examined groups of patients^※

Characteristic	Group 1 (PCS vs. convalescents without PCS)	Group 2 (PCS vs. acute COVID-19)	Group 3 (Convalescents without PCS vs. acute COVID-19)
Age (years)	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.13
Men (%)	0.31	0.015	< 0.001
Number of days between symptom onset and examination	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Proportion of patients seropositive for IgM	0.062	< 0.001	< 0.001
Proportion of patients seropositive for IgG	0.32	0.62	0.36
IL-6	< 0.0001	0.31	< 0.0001
TNF-α	< 0.0001	0.14	0.0012
IFN-α	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

PCS: post-coronavirus disease syndrome; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-α: interferon-α; COVID-19: coronavirus disease-2019

Supplementary materials

The supplementary figure for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1003184_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Valentina Smelova, Analytics Development Manager (IP ‘Valentina Smelova Consulting’) for her excellent support in statistical processing and graphical representation of the data obtained.

Author contributions

YD: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. ZM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. OT: Investigation, Formal analysis. TS, GM, and AL: Data curation, Formal analysis. PK and GL: Methodology, Investigation. IK: Investigation, Validation. SP: Data curation, Project administration. EF: Data curation, Validation. AS: Validation, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “IEM” (protocol 1/23 dated 04/20/2023).

Consent to participate

All study participants signed written informed consent.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The authors cannot share datasets as this is not permitted by the rules of the Institute of Experimental Medicine.

Funding

The work was supported by budget funds of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, topic FGWG-2003-0002. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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