Table Info

Table 1.

Examples of autoantibody generation in situations where an infectious component or a drug bind to a blood protein

Disease	Antibody target	Clinical symptoms	Clinical severity	Antibody clearance (time)	Chronic autoimmune disease evolution
Oropharyngeal infection	PF4	Cerebral and other thrombosis	+ to +++	3–6 months	Unknown
Chicken pox	Protein S	Phlebitis, periheral thrombosis, renal failure, limb extremity necrosis	++ to +++	3–6 months	Possible
Oropharyngeal infection	Prothrombin	Bruise, prolonged clotting time, bleeding	+/– to +++	3–6 months	Possible
EBV or CMV infection	GP IIb-IIIa	Thrombocytopenia	+ to +++	> 6 months	Frequent
Influenza infection, others	ADAMTS-13	iTTP	++ to +++		Possible
Healing with fibrin glue (bovine thrombin)	Thrombin	Thrombosis, DIC	++ to +++	> 3 months	Not reported
Various infections	B2-GP1, prothrombin	LA, prolonged clotting time, thrombosis, bruise	+/– to +++	3 to > 6 months	Possible
Autoimmune complications, lymphoproliferative disorders, others	Factor XIII	LA-like, delayed hemorrhagia	++ to +++	Under investigation	Possible
Antibiotherapy for antibioresistance	Factor V	Thrombosis, DIC	++ to +++	Unknown	Unknown

EBV: Epstein-Bar virus; CMV: cyto megalo virus; iTTP: idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; +: weak ; ++: moderate; +++: strong ; +/–: borderline

Declarations

Author contributions

JA designed the studies and analyzed the results; EL, MV, DR prepared the technical protocols, did the figures and tables, contributed to the literature survey and realized the experimentations; GR redacted analytical protocols, reviewed data, and participated to literature review and synthesis. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

JA is consultant for HYPHEN BioMed SAS, EL, MV, DR and GR are employees of HYPHEN BioMed, company which commercializes the Zymutest HIA IgG assay.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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